{"id":124,"date":"2017-02-13T18:08:49","date_gmt":"2017-02-13T18:08:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/chapter\/40-pronouns-concluded\/"},"modified":"2018-01-19T11:35:32","modified_gmt":"2018-01-19T11:35:32","slug":"40-pronouns-concluded","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/chapter\/40-pronouns-concluded\/","title":{"rendered":"Pronouns Concluded"},"content":{"raw":"\n[caption id=\"attachment_1146\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1024\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/ancientgreek.pressbooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48881\/2017\/02\/image.jpeg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-123\" src=\"http:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2016\/06\/image.jpeg\" alt=\"2013.05.0247\" width=\"1024\" height=\"693\"><\/a> Stamped Rhodian amphora handle, with head of Helios. Hellenistic Period. Athenian Agora Excavations.[\/caption]\n<hr>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Demonstrative Pronouns<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong> \u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>We have already&nbsp;learned the demonstrative pronouns <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf<\/span> (that\/those) and <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f45\u03b4\u03b5 \u1f25\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5<\/span> (this\/these).&nbsp;Our final demonstrative&nbsp;pronoun is an important one, and the most commonly of them all: <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> (this\/these).<\/p>\n<p>The endings of this pronoun are&nbsp;familiar; it is inflected as a&nbsp;FIRST and SECOND DECLENSION pronoun. The&nbsp;accent falls on the PENULT, and follows persistent accent rules.<\/p>\n<p>The inflection of this pronoun, however, exhibits important changes to the stem, namely:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An initial&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4<\/span>- is added to the stem of all forms EXCEPT&nbsp;for the NOMINATIVE&nbsp;MASCULINE&nbsp;and FEMININE, both&nbsp;SINGULAR and PLURAL, which instead use a ROUGH BREATHING. Note that this pattern is identical to that of the definite article.<\/li>\n<li>The stem <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4<\/span>- changes to <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4<\/span>- if the case ending includes either an <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b7<\/span> or an <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1<\/span>. Note how this changes the inflection of the neuter plural!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Memorization of this pronoun's inflection pattern is a must. It&nbsp;is extremely common, and if you do not recognize a particular inflected form, looking up the word in a lexicon presents a challenge:&nbsp;it appears alphabetically in&nbsp;vocabulary lists under the masculine nominative singular form <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span>!<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span>&nbsp;<em>this\/these<\/em> (S 333; GPH p. 48)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>M<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nominative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Genitive<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u1fc3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Accusative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>M<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nominative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f57\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Genitive<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Accusative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Like other demonstrative pronouns, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> can serve as an ADJECTIVE, though always in PREDICATE POSITION.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f31 \u1f04\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bd.<\/span><br>\nThe rulers give hope to the children.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2.<\/span><br>\nThese (men) give hope to these children.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> vs.&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f45\u03b4\u03b5 \u1f25\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Notice that the English definitions for <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f45\u03b4\u03b5 \u1f25\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5<\/span> are the same: <em>this\/these<\/em>.&nbsp;While they translate similarly in written English,&nbsp;there sometimes can be&nbsp;a subtle distinction&nbsp;between the two. In general (though there are plenty of exceptions):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span>&nbsp;refers generally and unemphatically&nbsp;to what is already known<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f45\u03b4\u03b5 \u1f25\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5<\/span>&nbsp;refers to what is near (<em>this here table<\/em>), or about to follow<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9.<\/span><br>\nI am telling you this (what I just said).<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5.<\/span><br>\nI am telling you this (what I am about to say).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Adding the prefix <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9<\/span>- makes <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> refer to the quality of someone or something:&nbsp;<em>this type, this kind <\/em>or<em> this sort (of)<\/em>.&nbsp;The inflection of this pronoun&nbsp;exhibits the following pattern:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The prefix&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9<\/span>- is added to all forms, and replaces the initial <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4<\/span> found in some inflected forms of&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>The stem&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4<\/span>- changes to&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4<\/span>- if the case ending includes either an&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b7<\/span>&nbsp;or an&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>The persistent accent is on the penult.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf&nbsp;<\/span><em>this type, this kind,&nbsp;this sort (of)<\/em>&nbsp;(S 333 e)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u1fc3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>M<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nominative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Genitive<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Accusative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Adding the prefix <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3<\/span>- makes <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> refer to the quantity of someone or something: <em>so great, so large<\/em>.&nbsp;The inflection of this pronoun&nbsp;exhibits the following pattern, which follows closely that of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The prefix <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3<\/span>- replaces the initial&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4<\/span>&nbsp;found in some inflected forms of&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>The stem&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4<\/span>- changes to&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4<\/span>- if the case ending includes either an&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b7<\/span>&nbsp;or an&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>The persistent accent is on the penult.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf&nbsp;<\/span><em>so great, so large&nbsp;<\/em>(S 333e)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u1fc3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>M<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nominative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Genitive<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Accusative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1<br>\n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2 class=\"indent no-indent\"><strong>All, One, None<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The next&nbsp;five&nbsp;pronouns all share a pattern:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The&nbsp;MASCULINE\/&nbsp;NEUTER forms use THIRD DECLENSION endings.<\/li>\n<li>The&nbsp;FEMININE&nbsp;form&nbsp;uses&nbsp;FIRST DECLENSION&nbsp;endings, and CHANGES its STEM.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"> \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;<em>all, every, whole,<\/em> is an important and flexible pronoun. Given its nominative forms, it may seem surprising to know that the&nbsp;stem of this pronoun is <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4<\/span>-.&nbsp;While its&nbsp;inflectional pattern may seem peculiar at first glance, the reasoning behind the stem changes that occur are familiar and regular.<\/p>\n<p>For the&nbsp;MASCULINE and NEUTER, which both use THIRD DECLENSION endings, note the following inflection patterns:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>When&nbsp;the endings involve adding a -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c3<\/span>-&nbsp;to the stem (i.e. dative plural&nbsp;-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c3\u03b9 <\/span>and the&nbsp;masculine nominative singular<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">&nbsp;-\u03c2<\/span>), the final -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bd\u03c4<\/span>&nbsp;drops from the end of the stem.&nbsp;The&nbsp;-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1<\/span>- of the resulting new stem,&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3<\/span>-, becomes long&nbsp;due to COMPENSATORY LENGTHENING.<\/li>\n<li>The neuter nominative singular has no case ending. Since -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4<\/span> cannot end a Greek word, the -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4<\/span> drops off the neuter&nbsp;nominative and accusative singular. The&nbsp;-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1<\/span>- is lengthened is match the masculine.<\/li>\n<li>The ACCENT pattern for the masculine and neuter is peculiar. In the SINGULAR, it is accented as though a monosyllabic noun. In the PLURAL, it is accented as though it has a&nbsp;persistent accent on the penult.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For&nbsp;the FEMININE, which uses FIRST DECLENSION endings, note the following inflection patterns:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In all cases and numbers, the feminine stem originally added a -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c3<\/span>- to&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4<\/span>-, which produced&nbsp;the stem&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c3<\/span>-. The -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bd\u03c4<\/span>- dropped out by the Classical Period.&nbsp;The&nbsp;-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1<\/span>- of the resulting new stem,&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3<\/span>-, became&nbsp;long due to COMPENSATORY LENGTHENING.<\/li>\n<li>The feminine is inflected with a short -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1fb0<\/span>&nbsp;ending in the NOMINATIVE&nbsp;and ACCUSATIVE&nbsp;SINGULAR, and has its persistent accent on the PENULT. Its&nbsp;inflection,&nbsp;in other words, is similar to that&nbsp;of&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b3\u03bb\u1ff6\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1,&nbsp;\u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c4\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;all, every, whole (S 299; GPH p. 30)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u1fc3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>M<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nominative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Genitive<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Accusative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>As an adjective, the translation of&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;depends upon its position and article:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Attributive: \u201cwhole\u201d<br>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f21 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1<\/span> <em>the whole country<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Predicate: \u201call\u201d<br>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f31 \u03c7\u1ff6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9<\/span> <em>all the countries<\/em><\/li>\n<li>No article (singular): \u201cevery\u201d<br>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1<\/span> <em>every country<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"> \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd<\/span> all together<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd<\/span> may be strengthened by adding an initial <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f01-<\/span>&nbsp;to its form. The new&nbsp;form, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;<em>all together<\/em>, declines similarly to&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd<\/span>, though note the change in accentuation! In all forms, it now is accented as though it has&nbsp;a persistent accent on the antepenult (or penult, if disyllabic).<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd<\/span> all together<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f01\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f01\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u1fc3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>M<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nominative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Genitive<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f01\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f01\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f01\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f01\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Accusative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f01\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u1f37\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u1f15\u03bd<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The word for <em>one<\/em>,&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u1f37\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u1f15\u03bd<\/span>,&nbsp;can function as a pronoun or an adjective.&nbsp;Note the following inflection patterns.<\/p>\n<p>For&nbsp;MASCULINE and NEUTER:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The stem is&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f11\u03bd<\/span>-. The masculine nominative&nbsp;singular drops the -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c2<\/span> and lengthens the stem to a diphthong.<\/li>\n<li>Both the masculine and neuter follow the monosyllabic accent pattern.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For&nbsp;the FEMININE:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The word uses a totally different stem, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9<\/span>- (S 349a). Like <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1<\/span>, it has a&nbsp;short -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1fb0<\/span> in the NOMINATIVE&nbsp;and ACCUSATIVE&nbsp;SINGULAR.<\/li>\n<li>The accent is on the penult of the NOMINATIVE and ACCUSATIVE, and on the ultima for the GENITIVE and DATIVE. Note that the -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b9<\/span>- of the stem has changed what would have been -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b7<\/span>'s (e.g. <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9\u1fc6\u03c2<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9\u1fc7<\/span>) into long <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1<\/span>'s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">&nbsp;\u03b5\u1f37\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u1f15\u03bd<\/span> <em>one<\/em> (S 349; GPH p. 37)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u1f37\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f15\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f11\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9\u1fb6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f11\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f11\u03bd\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9\u1fb7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f11\u03bd\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f15\u03bd\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f15\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>An important compound of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u1f37\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u1f15\u03bd<\/span> adds the prefixes <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50<\/span> and <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b5<\/span> to mean <em>no one, nothing<\/em>. Any time that Greek uses <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ae<\/span> instead of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50<\/span> for <em>not<\/em>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ae<\/span> also replaces <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50<\/span> in this pronoun. There is no difference in meaning.<\/p>\n<p>Note that the accent pattern&nbsp;matches that of&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u1f37\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u1f15\u03bd<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd<\/span> <em>no one, nothing&nbsp;<\/em>(S 349b)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u1fb6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u1fb7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd<\/span> <em>no one, nothing&nbsp;<\/em>(S 349b)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u1fb6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u1fb7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">- \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 -<\/p>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Key Terms and Concepts<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span>&nbsp;vs.<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">&nbsp;\u1f45\u03b4\u03b5 \u1f25\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5<\/span><\/li>\n<li>DEMONSTRATIVE&nbsp;PRONOUN OF QUALITY<\/li>\n<li>DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN OF QUANTITY<\/li>\n<li>POSITION OF <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd<\/span> AND ITS TRANSLATION<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Vocabulary<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf this\/these<\/li>\n<li>\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf this\/these kinds<\/li>\n<li>\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf this\/these amounts<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd all, every, whole<\/li>\n<li>\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd all together<\/li>\n<li>\u03b5\u1f37\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u1f15\u03bd one<\/li>\n<li>\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd no one, nothing<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd no one, nothing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\n<p>\u0399. Memorize the vocabulary, and practice the&nbsp;inflections for each pronoun.<\/p>\n<p>\u0399\u0399. Translate into Greek the following underlined pronouns and pronoun\/noun pairs.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">No slave<\/span>&nbsp;can boast to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">anyone<\/span> (dative case), because he knows <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">nothing<\/span> of the joys of freedom.<\/li>\n<li>We will walk through (\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac)&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">every house<\/span>&nbsp;and welcome <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">all<\/span>, but receive knowledge from (\u1f00\u03c0\u03cc)&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">no one<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">This army<\/span>&nbsp;will gain no victories&nbsp;with (no preposition; just use the dative to indicate means)&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">these sorts of&nbsp;weapons<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>The priest is sacrificing <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">one<\/span> of the cows for the king, but <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">none<\/span> of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">his bulls<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>I already told you <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">these things<\/span>, so&nbsp;now hear&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">this<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n","rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1146\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1146\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ancientgreek.pressbooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48881\/2017\/02\/image.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-123\" src=\"\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2016\/06\/image.jpeg\" alt=\"2013.05.0247\" width=\"1024\" height=\"693\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2016\/06\/image.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2016\/06\/image-300x203.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2016\/06\/image-768x520.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2016\/06\/image-65x44.jpeg 65w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2016\/06\/image-225x152.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2016\/06\/image-350x237.jpeg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1146\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stamped Rhodian amphora handle, with head of Helios. Hellenistic Period. Athenian Agora Excavations.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Demonstrative Pronouns<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong> \u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>We have already&nbsp;learned the demonstrative pronouns <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf<\/span> (that\/those) and <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f45\u03b4\u03b5 \u1f25\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5<\/span> (this\/these).&nbsp;Our final demonstrative&nbsp;pronoun is an important one, and the most commonly of them all: <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> (this\/these).<\/p>\n<p>The endings of this pronoun are&nbsp;familiar; it is inflected as a&nbsp;FIRST and SECOND DECLENSION pronoun. The&nbsp;accent falls on the PENULT, and follows persistent accent rules.<\/p>\n<p>The inflection of this pronoun, however, exhibits important changes to the stem, namely:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An initial&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4<\/span>&#8211; is added to the stem of all forms EXCEPT&nbsp;for the NOMINATIVE&nbsp;MASCULINE&nbsp;and FEMININE, both&nbsp;SINGULAR and PLURAL, which instead use a ROUGH BREATHING. Note that this pattern is identical to that of the definite article.<\/li>\n<li>The stem <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4<\/span>&#8211; changes to <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4<\/span>&#8211; if the case ending includes either an <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b7<\/span> or an <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1<\/span>. Note how this changes the inflection of the neuter plural!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Memorization of this pronoun&#8217;s inflection pattern is a must. It&nbsp;is extremely common, and if you do not recognize a particular inflected form, looking up the word in a lexicon presents a challenge:&nbsp;it appears alphabetically in&nbsp;vocabulary lists under the masculine nominative singular form <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span>!<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span>&nbsp;<em>this\/these<\/em> (S 333; GPH p. 48)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>M<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nominative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Genitive<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u1fc3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Accusative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>M<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nominative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f57\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Genitive<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Accusative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Like other demonstrative pronouns, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> can serve as an ADJECTIVE, though always in PREDICATE POSITION.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f31 \u1f04\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bd.<\/span><br \/>\nThe rulers give hope to the children.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2.<\/span><br \/>\nThese (men) give hope to these children.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> vs.&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f45\u03b4\u03b5 \u1f25\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Notice that the English definitions for <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f45\u03b4\u03b5 \u1f25\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5<\/span> are the same: <em>this\/these<\/em>.&nbsp;While they translate similarly in written English,&nbsp;there sometimes can be&nbsp;a subtle distinction&nbsp;between the two. In general (though there are plenty of exceptions):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span>&nbsp;refers generally and unemphatically&nbsp;to what is already known<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f45\u03b4\u03b5 \u1f25\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5<\/span>&nbsp;refers to what is near (<em>this here table<\/em>), or about to follow<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9.<\/span><br \/>\nI am telling you this (what I just said).<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5.<\/span><br \/>\nI am telling you this (what I am about to say).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Adding the prefix <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9<\/span>&#8211; makes <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> refer to the quality of someone or something:&nbsp;<em>this type, this kind <\/em>or<em> this sort (of)<\/em>.&nbsp;The inflection of this pronoun&nbsp;exhibits the following pattern:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The prefix&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9<\/span>&#8211; is added to all forms, and replaces the initial <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4<\/span> found in some inflected forms of&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>The stem&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4<\/span>&#8211; changes to&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4<\/span>&#8211; if the case ending includes either an&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b7<\/span>&nbsp;or an&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>The persistent accent is on the penult.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf&nbsp;<\/span><em>this type, this kind,&nbsp;this sort (of)<\/em>&nbsp;(S 333 e)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u1fc3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>M<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nominative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Genitive<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Accusative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Adding the prefix <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3<\/span>&#8211; makes <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> refer to the quantity of someone or something: <em>so great, so large<\/em>.&nbsp;The inflection of this pronoun&nbsp;exhibits the following pattern, which follows closely that of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The prefix <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3<\/span>&#8211; replaces the initial&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4<\/span>&nbsp;found in some inflected forms of&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>The stem&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4<\/span>&#8211; changes to&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4<\/span>&#8211; if the case ending includes either an&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b7<\/span>&nbsp;or an&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>The persistent accent is on the penult.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf&nbsp;<\/span><em>so great, so large&nbsp;<\/em>(S 333e)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u1fc3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>M<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nominative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Genitive<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Accusative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1<br \/>\n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 class=\"indent no-indent\"><strong>All, One, None<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The next&nbsp;five&nbsp;pronouns all share a pattern:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The&nbsp;MASCULINE\/&nbsp;NEUTER forms use THIRD DECLENSION endings.<\/li>\n<li>The&nbsp;FEMININE&nbsp;form&nbsp;uses&nbsp;FIRST DECLENSION&nbsp;endings, and CHANGES its STEM.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"> \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;<em>all, every, whole,<\/em> is an important and flexible pronoun. Given its nominative forms, it may seem surprising to know that the&nbsp;stem of this pronoun is <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4<\/span>-.&nbsp;While its&nbsp;inflectional pattern may seem peculiar at first glance, the reasoning behind the stem changes that occur are familiar and regular.<\/p>\n<p>For the&nbsp;MASCULINE and NEUTER, which both use THIRD DECLENSION endings, note the following inflection patterns:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>When&nbsp;the endings involve adding a &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c3<\/span>&#8211;&nbsp;to the stem (i.e. dative plural&nbsp;&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c3\u03b9 <\/span>and the&nbsp;masculine nominative singular<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">&nbsp;-\u03c2<\/span>), the final &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bd\u03c4<\/span>&nbsp;drops from the end of the stem.&nbsp;The&nbsp;&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1<\/span>&#8211; of the resulting new stem,&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3<\/span>-, becomes long&nbsp;due to COMPENSATORY LENGTHENING.<\/li>\n<li>The neuter nominative singular has no case ending. Since &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4<\/span> cannot end a Greek word, the &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4<\/span> drops off the neuter&nbsp;nominative and accusative singular. The&nbsp;&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1<\/span>&#8211; is lengthened is match the masculine.<\/li>\n<li>The ACCENT pattern for the masculine and neuter is peculiar. In the SINGULAR, it is accented as though a monosyllabic noun. In the PLURAL, it is accented as though it has a&nbsp;persistent accent on the penult.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For&nbsp;the FEMININE, which uses FIRST DECLENSION endings, note the following inflection patterns:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In all cases and numbers, the feminine stem originally added a &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c3<\/span>&#8211; to&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4<\/span>-, which produced&nbsp;the stem&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c3<\/span>-. The &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bd\u03c4<\/span>&#8211; dropped out by the Classical Period.&nbsp;The&nbsp;&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1<\/span>&#8211; of the resulting new stem,&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3<\/span>-, became&nbsp;long due to COMPENSATORY LENGTHENING.<\/li>\n<li>The feminine is inflected with a short &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1fb0<\/span>&nbsp;ending in the NOMINATIVE&nbsp;and ACCUSATIVE&nbsp;SINGULAR, and has its persistent accent on the PENULT. Its&nbsp;inflection,&nbsp;in other words, is similar to that&nbsp;of&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b3\u03bb\u1ff6\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1,&nbsp;\u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c4\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;all, every, whole (S 299; GPH p. 30)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u1fc3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>M<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nominative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Genitive<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Accusative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>As an adjective, the translation of&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;depends upon its position and article:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Attributive: \u201cwhole\u201d<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f21 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1<\/span> <em>the whole country<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Predicate: \u201call\u201d<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f31 \u03c7\u1ff6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9<\/span> <em>all the countries<\/em><\/li>\n<li>No article (singular): \u201cevery\u201d<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1<\/span> <em>every country<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"> \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd<\/span> all together<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd<\/span> may be strengthened by adding an initial <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f01-<\/span>&nbsp;to its form. The new&nbsp;form, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;<em>all together<\/em>, declines similarly to&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd<\/span>, though note the change in accentuation! In all forms, it now is accented as though it has&nbsp;a persistent accent on the antepenult (or penult, if disyllabic).<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd<\/span> all together<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f01\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f01\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u1fc3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>M<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nominative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Genitive<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f01\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f01\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f01\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f01\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Accusative<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f01\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u1f37\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u1f15\u03bd<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The word for <em>one<\/em>,&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u1f37\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u1f15\u03bd<\/span>,&nbsp;can function as a pronoun or an adjective.&nbsp;Note the following inflection patterns.<\/p>\n<p>For&nbsp;MASCULINE and NEUTER:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The stem is&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f11\u03bd<\/span>-. The masculine nominative&nbsp;singular drops the &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c2<\/span> and lengthens the stem to a diphthong.<\/li>\n<li>Both the masculine and neuter follow the monosyllabic accent pattern.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For&nbsp;the FEMININE:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The word uses a totally different stem, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9<\/span>&#8211; (S 349a). Like <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1<\/span>, it has a&nbsp;short &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1fb0<\/span> in the NOMINATIVE&nbsp;and ACCUSATIVE&nbsp;SINGULAR.<\/li>\n<li>The accent is on the penult of the NOMINATIVE and ACCUSATIVE, and on the ultima for the GENITIVE and DATIVE. Note that the &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b9<\/span>&#8211; of the stem has changed what would have been &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b7<\/span>&#8216;s (e.g. <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9\u1fc6\u03c2<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9\u1fc7<\/span>) into long <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1<\/span>&#8216;s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">&nbsp;\u03b5\u1f37\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u1f15\u03bd<\/span> <em>one<\/em> (S 349; GPH p. 37)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u1f37\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f15\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f11\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9\u1fb6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f11\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f11\u03bd\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9\u1fb7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f11\u03bd\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f15\u03bd\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f15\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>An important compound of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u1f37\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u1f15\u03bd<\/span> adds the prefixes <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50<\/span> and <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b5<\/span> to mean <em>no one, nothing<\/em>. Any time that Greek uses <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ae<\/span> instead of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50<\/span> for <em>not<\/em>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ae<\/span> also replaces <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50<\/span> in this pronoun. There is no difference in meaning.<\/p>\n<p>Note that the accent pattern&nbsp;matches that of&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u1f37\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u1f15\u03bd<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd<\/span> <em>no one, nothing&nbsp;<\/em>(S 349b)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u1fb6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u1fb7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd<\/span> <em>no one, nothing&nbsp;<\/em>(S 349b)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u1fb6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u1fb7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">&#8211; \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 &#8211;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Key Terms and Concepts<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span>&nbsp;vs.<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">&nbsp;\u1f45\u03b4\u03b5 \u1f25\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5<\/span><\/li>\n<li>DEMONSTRATIVE&nbsp;PRONOUN OF QUALITY<\/li>\n<li>DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN OF QUANTITY<\/li>\n<li>POSITION OF <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd<\/span> AND ITS TRANSLATION<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Vocabulary<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf this\/these<\/li>\n<li>\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf this\/these kinds<\/li>\n<li>\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf this\/these amounts<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd all, every, whole<\/li>\n<li>\u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd all together<\/li>\n<li>\u03b5\u1f37\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u1f15\u03bd one<\/li>\n<li>\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd no one, nothing<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd no one, nothing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\n<p>\u0399. Memorize the vocabulary, and practice the&nbsp;inflections for each pronoun.<\/p>\n<p>\u0399\u0399. Translate into Greek the following underlined pronouns and pronoun\/noun pairs.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">No slave<\/span>&nbsp;can boast to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">anyone<\/span> (dative case), because he knows <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">nothing<\/span> of the joys of freedom.<\/li>\n<li>We will walk through (\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac)&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">every house<\/span>&nbsp;and welcome <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">all<\/span>, but receive knowledge from (\u1f00\u03c0\u03cc)&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">no one<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">This army<\/span>&nbsp;will gain no victories&nbsp;with (no preposition; just use the dative to indicate means)&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">these sorts of&nbsp;weapons<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>The priest is sacrificing <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">one<\/span> of the cows for the king, but <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">none<\/span> of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">his bulls<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>I already told you <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">these things<\/span>, so&nbsp;now hear&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">this<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-124","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":18,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/124","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/124\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":125,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/124\/revisions\/125"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/18"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/124\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=124"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=124"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}