{"id":139,"date":"2017-08-22T13:45:48","date_gmt":"2017-08-22T13:45:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/chapter\/46-reading\/"},"modified":"2018-01-19T11:35:36","modified_gmt":"2018-01-19T11:35:36","slug":"46-reading","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/chapter\/46-reading\/","title":{"rendered":"Reading Passages: Classical"},"content":{"raw":"\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Reading Passages<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Assignment<\/b><\/p>\n<p>1. Read the passages aloud in Greek.<\/p>\n<p>2. Vocabulary and commentary is provided for each passage. For words that do not appear in the vocabulary, please use your dictionary.<\/p>\n<p>3. Translate the passages. As you translate the sentences, pay careful attention to words that go together, such as prepositional phrases and relative clauses. Breaking the sentences up into logical units&nbsp;is oftentimes a better first approach than attempting to translate all the words in succession.<\/p>\n<p>To download this assignment as a pdf, click here:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ancientgreek.pressbooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48881\/2017\/09\/AGE-Readings-15b.pdf\">AGE Readings 15b<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Classical Reading<\/b><\/p>\n<p>This passage comes from Xenophon\u2019s famous expedition with the Ten Thousand. The group is marching north toward the Black Sea and they have been preparing to make a night entry into the territory of a local tribe called the Carduchians. A Greek named Cherisophus has just started leading one contingent over mountains toward Carduchian territory:<\/p>\n<p>...\u039e\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c3\u1f7a\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f40\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd \u1f41\u03c0\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f35\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u1f14\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bd\u1fc6\u03c4\u03b1\u00b7 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u1f76\u03c2 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03b4\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u2026 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f04\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f44\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf. \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03a7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f30\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03c9\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f14\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f51\u03c6\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03bf\u00b7 \u1f10\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f00\u03b5\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f04\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03af \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f40\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd. \u1f14\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f74 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f10\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c6\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f44\u03c1\u03b7. \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u1f26\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, \u1f26\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f31 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f67\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72\u03bd \u1f14\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f31 \u1f1d\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f10\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9, \u03b5\u1f34 \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u1f31 \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b9\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f61\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f26\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u1f45\u03c4\u1ff3 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f10\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f00\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f26\u03bd. \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b4\u1f72 \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u1f78\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u1f76 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f24\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03b9...\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u1f74 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u1f72\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bb\u03af\u03b8\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd, \u1f40\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f44\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2\u00b7<\/p>\n<p><i>Anabasis <\/i>4.1.6-10<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f04\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc bend, valley<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f00\u03b5\u1f76 always<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03b1\u1f30\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 ~ \u03b1\u1f30\u03c3\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cc peak, top<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cc other<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f04\u03bd\u03c9 up<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f00\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd (3rd p. pl. indic. act.) killed<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03b3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 -\u1fc6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 light infantry soldier<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03b4\u03ae now<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03af\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9 (\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac +\u1f35\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9) let through<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f10\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd (3rd pl. act.) \u201cmight have been willing\u201d &lt; \u1f10\u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03b5\u1f35\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf (3rd sg. imperfect indic. mid.) &lt; \u1f15\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 follow<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03b5\u1f36\u03c4\u03b1 then<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f10\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd -\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 abandoning, leaving behind<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f1d\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd -\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 Greek<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f14\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1 there<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 ~ \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03af<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f14\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 then<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf (3rd p. pl. imperfect indic. mid.) &lt; \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9 set on, i.e. attack<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f10\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf (3rd sg indic) would pursue<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u2013\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac provisions<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 ~ \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 happen to find<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f10\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf (3rd sg imperfect indic mid.) &lt; \u1f10\u03c6\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 follow after, pursue<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f14\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u2013\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 having, holding, with<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f24\u03b4\u03b7 already<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd \u2013\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 one who is calling<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41 Carduchian<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u2013\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f21 equipped, furnished<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd (3rd p. pl. indic. act.) severely wounded<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03ba\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7 -\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f20 village<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 however<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03bc\u03c5\u03c7\u03cc\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41 nook<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u039e\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u1ff6\u03bd \u2013\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 Xenophon<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f40\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41 few<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f44\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 (masc. pl.) while being<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f40\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1\u03be \u2013\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 rear guard<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f44\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd behind<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f41\u03c0\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 -\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41 heavy infantry soldier<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f45\u03c4\u1ff3 ~ \u1fa7\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 (neut. dat. pl.) whole lots<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac (neut. nom.\/acc. pl.) many, much<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41 marching<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 somehow<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41 in the dark<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 -\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 army, division<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 (masc. nom. pl.) having gathered together<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41 last<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 then<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc arrow<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f51\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c9 listen to, obey&nbsp;(+ gen. or dat.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u2013\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc crossing over<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41 sparing a little, refraining from harshness<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f51\u03c6\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03bf (3rd sg imperfect indic mid.) &lt; \u1f51\u03c6\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 lead steadily<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 -\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f21 friendly, allied<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd \u2013\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03cc friendly<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u2013\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc bronze item<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03a7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41 Chrisophus<\/p>\n\n","rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\">Reading Passages<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Assignment<\/b><\/p>\n<p>1. Read the passages aloud in Greek.<\/p>\n<p>2. Vocabulary and commentary is provided for each passage. For words that do not appear in the vocabulary, please use your dictionary.<\/p>\n<p>3. Translate the passages. As you translate the sentences, pay careful attention to words that go together, such as prepositional phrases and relative clauses. Breaking the sentences up into logical units&nbsp;is oftentimes a better first approach than attempting to translate all the words in succession.<\/p>\n<p>To download this assignment as a pdf, click here:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ancientgreek.pressbooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48881\/2017\/09\/AGE-Readings-15b.pdf\">AGE Readings 15b<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Classical Reading<\/b><\/p>\n<p>This passage comes from Xenophon\u2019s famous expedition with the Ten Thousand. The group is marching north toward the Black Sea and they have been preparing to make a night entry into the territory of a local tribe called the Carduchians. A Greek named Cherisophus has just started leading one contingent over mountains toward Carduchian territory:<\/p>\n<p>&#8230;\u039e\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c3\u1f7a\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f40\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd \u1f41\u03c0\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f35\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u1f14\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bd\u1fc6\u03c4\u03b1\u00b7 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u1f76\u03c2 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03b4\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u2026 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f04\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f44\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf. \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03a7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f30\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03c9\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f14\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f51\u03c6\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03bf\u00b7 \u1f10\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f00\u03b5\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f04\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03af \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f40\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd. \u1f14\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f74 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f10\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c6\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f44\u03c1\u03b7. \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u1f26\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, \u1f26\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f31 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f67\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72\u03bd \u1f14\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f31 \u1f1d\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f10\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9, \u03b5\u1f34 \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u1f31 \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b9\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f61\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f26\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u1f45\u03c4\u1ff3 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f10\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f00\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f26\u03bd. \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b4\u1f72 \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u1f78\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u1f76 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f24\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03b9&#8230;\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u1f74 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u1f72\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bb\u03af\u03b8\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd, \u1f40\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f44\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2\u00b7<\/p>\n<p><i>Anabasis <\/i>4.1.6-10<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f04\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc bend, valley<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f00\u03b5\u1f76 always<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03b1\u1f30\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 ~ \u03b1\u1f30\u03c3\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cc peak, top<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cc other<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f04\u03bd\u03c9 up<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f00\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd (3rd p. pl. indic. act.) killed<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03b3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 -\u1fc6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 light infantry soldier<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03b4\u03ae now<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03af\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9 (\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac +\u1f35\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9) let through<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f10\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd (3rd pl. act.) \u201cmight have been willing\u201d &lt; \u1f10\u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03b5\u1f35\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf (3rd sg. imperfect indic. mid.) &lt; \u1f15\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 follow<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03b5\u1f36\u03c4\u03b1 then<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f10\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd -\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 abandoning, leaving behind<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f1d\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd -\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 Greek<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f14\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1 there<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 ~ \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03af<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f14\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 then<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf (3rd p. pl. imperfect indic. mid.) &lt; \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9 set on, i.e. attack<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f10\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf (3rd sg indic) would pursue<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u2013\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac provisions<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 ~ \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 happen to find<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f10\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf (3rd sg imperfect indic mid.) &lt; \u1f10\u03c6\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 follow after, pursue<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f14\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u2013\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 having, holding, with<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f24\u03b4\u03b7 already<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd \u2013\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 one who is calling<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41 Carduchian<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u2013\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f21 equipped, furnished<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd (3rd p. pl. indic. act.) severely wounded<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03ba\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7 -\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f20 village<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 however<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03bc\u03c5\u03c7\u03cc\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41 nook<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u039e\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u1ff6\u03bd \u2013\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 Xenophon<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f40\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41 few<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f44\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 (masc. pl.) while being<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f40\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1\u03be \u2013\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 rear guard<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f44\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd behind<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f41\u03c0\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 -\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41 heavy infantry soldier<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f45\u03c4\u1ff3 ~ \u1fa7\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 (neut. dat. pl.) whole lots<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac (neut. nom.\/acc. pl.) many, much<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41 marching<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 somehow<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41 in the dark<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 -\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 army, division<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 (masc. nom. pl.) having gathered together<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41 last<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 then<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc arrow<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f51\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c9 listen to, obey&nbsp;(+ gen. or dat.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u2013\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc crossing over<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41 sparing a little, refraining from harshness<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u1f51\u03c6\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03bf (3rd sg imperfect indic mid.) &lt; \u1f51\u03c6\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 lead steadily<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 -\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f21 friendly, allied<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd \u2013\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03cc friendly<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u2013\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc bronze item<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u03a7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 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