{"id":144,"date":"2016-06-13T18:53:49","date_gmt":"2016-06-13T18:53:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/chapter\/48-adjectives-part-i\/"},"modified":"2018-01-19T11:35:38","modified_gmt":"2018-01-19T11:35:38","slug":"48-adjectives-part-i","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/chapter\/48-adjectives-part-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Adjectives: Part I"},"content":{"raw":"\n[caption id=\"attachment_1297\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1457\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/ancientgreek.pressbooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48881\/2017\/03\/i-7672.jpeg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-143\" src=\"http:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/03\/i-7672.jpeg\" alt=\"2014.04.0410\" width=\"1457\" height=\"2048\"><\/a> A dedicatory plaque from the cave of Apollo on the north slope of the Acropolis. Athenian Agora Excavations.[\/caption]\n<hr>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Adjectives<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>You have already learned Greek nouns and pronouns.&nbsp;This lesson&nbsp;introduces a closely-related category of word: the ADJECTIVE.<\/p>\n<p>Adjectives describe or further define&nbsp;nouns (and pronouns). An&nbsp;adjective must agree with its noun&nbsp;in GENDER, NUMBER,&nbsp;and CASE. Like definite articles and pronouns, therefore, adjectives must have forms to represent&nbsp;each possible combination of gender, number and case.<\/p>\n<p>Greek adjectives are formed using the&nbsp;SAME THREE DECLENSIONS \u2013 and the SAME PERSISTENT ACCENT RULES \u2013&nbsp;that&nbsp;Greek nouns do. Furthermore, just&nbsp;as each noun belongs to a particular declension, each adjective belongs to a&nbsp;specific declension family or grouping. There are&nbsp;four main declension&nbsp;families:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Three-Ending 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives (2-1-2)<\/li>\n<li>Two-Ending 2nd Declension Adjectives (2-2)<\/li>\n<li>Two-Ending 3rd&nbsp;Declension Adjectives (3-3)<\/li>\n<li>Three-Ending 1st and 3rd&nbsp;Declension Adjectives (3-1-3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In order to make clear the declension family to which a given adjective belongs, each&nbsp;is listed with all&nbsp;of its&nbsp;NOMINATIVE SINGULAR&nbsp;forms in a&nbsp;vocabulary entry or lexicon. For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nominative singular forms in -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03c2<\/span>, -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b7 <\/span>(-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1fb1<\/span>),&nbsp;-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03bd<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li>Three-Ending 1st and 2nd Declension Adjective (2-1-2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Nominative singular forms in -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03c2<\/span>, -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03bd<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li>Two-Ending 2nd Declension Adjective (2-2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Nominative singular forms in -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c2<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">--<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li>Two-Ending 3rd&nbsp;Declension Adjective (3-3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Nominative singular forms in -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c2<\/span>, -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">--<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li>Three-Ending 1st and 3rd&nbsp;Declension Adjectives (3-1-3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In this lesson, we review&nbsp;the most common type of adjective:&nbsp;Three-Ending 1st and 2nd Declension (2-1-2)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Three-Ending Adjectives: 1st and 2nd Declension (2-1-2)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The vast majority of adjectives&nbsp;use regular MASCULINE&nbsp;and NEUTER 2nd DECLENSION endings when modifying nouns of these genders, and&nbsp;1st DECLENSION endings when modifying FEMININE nouns. This pattern is similar&nbsp;to that used by the pronouns such as&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03cc<\/span> and&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf<\/span>, though with -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03bd<\/span> in the nominative\/accusative singular of the neuter.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2, -\u03ae, -\u03cc\u03bd<\/span> <em>good, brave, noble<\/em> (S 287; GPH p. 21)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u1fe6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1fc6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u1fe6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1ff7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1fc7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1ff7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.96875px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac<br>\n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Stems in&nbsp;-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5<\/span>, -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b9<\/span>&nbsp;or -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If the stem of the adjective ends in -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5<\/span>, -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b9<\/span> or -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c1<\/span>, the singular forms of the 1st DECLENSION&nbsp;change the -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b7<\/span>- to -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1fb1<\/span>-. Note that this&nbsp;change matches that of&nbsp;1st DECLENSION NOUNS.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, -\u03b1 , -\u03bf\u03bd<\/span> <em>just<\/em> (S 287; GPH p. 22)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u1fb3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.96875px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Big and Many<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Two common adjectives are of the 2-1-2&nbsp;type show additional small changes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7, \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1<\/span> <em>big<\/em><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd<\/span> <em>much, many<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7, \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1&nbsp;<\/span>(stem: <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb<\/span>-)&nbsp;<em>big<\/em> (S 311; GPH p. 34)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u1fc3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.96875px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Note that except for the singular forms&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2<\/span>,&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd<\/span>, and&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1<\/span>, the adjective declines as a regular 2-1-2 adjective.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd<\/span> (stem:<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"> \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb<\/span>-)<em> much, many<\/em> (S 311; GPH p. 33)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1fc7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.96875px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Note that except for the singular forms <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c2<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd<\/span>, and <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd<\/span>, the adjective declines as a regular 2-1-2 adjective.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Contract Adjectives<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A handful of adjectives that end in -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03bf\u03c2<\/span>, -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03b1<\/span>, -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;contract in Attic Greek, producing the endings -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/span>, -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b7<\/span>, -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd <\/span>(S 290). There is one example from our vocabulary list:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2 -\u1fc6 -\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;(stem: <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03ad<\/span>-) <em>bronze<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1fc6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1fc6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1ff7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1fc7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1ff7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1fc6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fd6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03b1\u1fd6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1fb6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.96875px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1fb6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1fb6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2><strong>Usage<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Depending on its placement, a Greek adjective&nbsp;has three possible functions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Attributive Position<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Greek adjectives describe nouns when they are in the attributive position:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f41 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2<\/span> = the bad king<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/span> = the bad king<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/span> = the bad king<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2<\/span> = a bad king<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Note that while the adjective modifies its noun in gender, number, and case, it does not necessarily modify the noun in declension!&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2<\/span> is 3rd Declension, but&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/span> is 2nd Declension.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Predicate Position<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Outside the attributive position, Greek adjectives function as predicates to the noun:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/span> = The king (is) bad.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f31 \u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;= Troubles make the king bad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Stand Alone (Substantive)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Greek routinely uses adjectives, often with a definite article, to render the adjective a substantive:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f41 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/span> = the bad man, the bad person<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/span> = a bad man, a bad person<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f31 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af<\/span> = the bad men, the bad people<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If the definite article is neuter singular \u2013&nbsp;or occasionally neuter&nbsp;plural \u2013 the substantive can serve&nbsp;as an abstract noun:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u1f78 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd<\/span> = the bad thing; evil<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u1f78 \u1f04\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;= the unjust thing; injustice<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u1f78 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;the beautiful; beauty<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">- \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 -<\/p>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Key Terms and Concepts<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>THE FOUR ADJECTIVE DECLENSION FAMILIES<\/li>\n<li>ADJECTIVES WITH STEMS IN \u2013<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5<\/span>, \u2013<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b9<\/span> OR&nbsp;\u2013<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c1<\/span><\/li>\n<li>CONTRACT ADJECTIVES<\/li>\n<li>ADJECTIVES IN ATTRIBUTIVE POSITION<\/li>\n<li>ADJECTIVES IN PREDICATE&nbsp;POSITION<\/li>\n<li>ADJECTIVES AS SUBSTANTIVES<\/li>\n<li>ADJECTIVES AS ABSTRACT NOUNS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Vocabulary<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>1st and 2nd Declension (2-1-2)<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd good, brave, noble<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u1f30\u03c3\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd ugly, disgraceful<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u1f34\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd responsible, guilty<\/li>\n<li>\u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd other<\/li>\n<li>\u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd both<\/li>\n<li>\u1f04\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd worthy<\/li>\n<li>\u1f04\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd best<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd awesome, terrible<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u1fc6\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd clear, visible<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd just<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd able<\/li>\n<li>\u1f15\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd each<\/li>\n<li>\u1f11\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd each of two<\/li>\n<li>\u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd free<\/li>\n<li>\u1f10\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd my, mine<\/li>\n<li>\u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd opposite<\/li>\n<li>\u1f15\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd other<\/li>\n<li>\u1f10\u03c7\u03b8\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd hated, hostile<\/li>\n<li>\u1f21\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd our<\/li>\n<li>\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd divine<\/li>\n<li>\u1f34\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd one\u2019s own, private<\/li>\n<li>\u1f31\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd holy, sacred<\/li>\n<li>\u1f31\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd sufficient<\/li>\n<li>\u1f34\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd equal to (+ dat.)<\/li>\n<li>\u1f30\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd strong<\/li>\n<li>\u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd bad, cowardly<\/li>\n<li>\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd beautiful, noble<\/li>\n<li>\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd common<\/li>\n<li>\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd bright, brilliant, famous<\/li>\n<li>\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd remaining<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd long, tall, large<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7, \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1 big<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd middle<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd small, little, short<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd alone, single<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd countless thousands<\/li>\n<li>\u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd young, new<\/li>\n<li>\u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd domestic, one\u2019s own<\/li>\n<li>\u1f40\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd few, little, small<\/li>\n<li>\u1f45\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd whole, complete<\/li>\n<li>\u1f45\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd like, resembling<\/li>\n<li>\u1f40\u03c1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd straight, true, regular<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd old<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd most, largest<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03bf\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd what sort of?<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd hostile<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd much, many<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd worthless, bad; painful<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd which of the two?<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd before, earlier<\/li>\n<li>\u1fe5\u1fb4\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd easy<\/li>\n<li>\u03c3\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd your, yours (sing.)<\/li>\n<li>\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd wise<\/li>\n<li>\u1f51\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd your, yours (pl.)<\/li>\n<li>\u1f55\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd following, next, later<\/li>\n<li>\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd clear, evident<\/li>\n<li>\u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd beloved, dear<\/li>\n<li>\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd difficult<\/li>\n<li>\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2 -\u1fc6 -\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd bronze<\/li>\n<li>\u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd useful<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\n<p>\u0399. Memorize the vocabulary.<\/p>\n<p>\u0399\u0399.&nbsp;Decline in full the following adjectives. Watch the&nbsp;accents!<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd<\/li>\n<li>\u1f34\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd<\/li>\n<li>\u1f45\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u1f30\u03c3\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd<\/li>\n<li>\u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>I\u0399\u0399. Decline each noun\/adjective pair in full. Watch&nbsp;the&nbsp;accents!<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Much time<\/li>\n<li>Big contest<\/li>\n<li>Clear night<\/li>\n<li>Bronze weapon<\/li>\n<li>Wise advice<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>IV. Render each of these abstractions into Greek using a definite article and an adjective.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Goodness<\/li>\n<li>Hostility<\/li>\n<li>Difficulty<\/li>\n<li>Public affairs<\/li>\n<li>The rest<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n","rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1297\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1297\" style=\"width: 1457px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ancientgreek.pressbooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48881\/2017\/03\/i-7672.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-143\" src=\"\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/03\/i-7672.jpeg\" alt=\"2014.04.0410\" width=\"1457\" height=\"2048\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/03\/i-7672.jpeg 1457w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/03\/i-7672-213x300.jpeg 213w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/03\/i-7672-768x1080.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/03\/i-7672-729x1024.jpeg 729w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/03\/i-7672-65x91.jpeg 65w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/03\/i-7672-225x316.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/03\/i-7672-350x492.jpeg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1457px) 100vw, 1457px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1297\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dedicatory plaque from the cave of Apollo on the north slope of the Acropolis. Athenian Agora Excavations.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Adjectives<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>You have already learned Greek nouns and pronouns.&nbsp;This lesson&nbsp;introduces a closely-related category of word: the ADJECTIVE.<\/p>\n<p>Adjectives describe or further define&nbsp;nouns (and pronouns). An&nbsp;adjective must agree with its noun&nbsp;in GENDER, NUMBER,&nbsp;and CASE. Like definite articles and pronouns, therefore, adjectives must have forms to represent&nbsp;each possible combination of gender, number and case.<\/p>\n<p>Greek adjectives are formed using the&nbsp;SAME THREE DECLENSIONS \u2013 and the SAME PERSISTENT ACCENT RULES \u2013&nbsp;that&nbsp;Greek nouns do. Furthermore, just&nbsp;as each noun belongs to a particular declension, each adjective belongs to a&nbsp;specific declension family or grouping. There are&nbsp;four main declension&nbsp;families:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Three-Ending 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives (2-1-2)<\/li>\n<li>Two-Ending 2nd Declension Adjectives (2-2)<\/li>\n<li>Two-Ending 3rd&nbsp;Declension Adjectives (3-3)<\/li>\n<li>Three-Ending 1st and 3rd&nbsp;Declension Adjectives (3-1-3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In order to make clear the declension family to which a given adjective belongs, each&nbsp;is listed with all&nbsp;of its&nbsp;NOMINATIVE SINGULAR&nbsp;forms in a&nbsp;vocabulary entry or lexicon. For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nominative singular forms in &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03c2<\/span>, &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b7 <\/span>(-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1fb1<\/span>),&nbsp;&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03bd<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li>Three-Ending 1st and 2nd Declension Adjective (2-1-2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Nominative singular forms in &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03c2<\/span>, &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03bd<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li>Two-Ending 2nd Declension Adjective (2-2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Nominative singular forms in &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c2<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">&#8212;<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li>Two-Ending 3rd&nbsp;Declension Adjective (3-3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Nominative singular forms in &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c2<\/span>, &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">&#8212;<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li>Three-Ending 1st and 3rd&nbsp;Declension Adjectives (3-1-3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In this lesson, we review&nbsp;the most common type of adjective:&nbsp;Three-Ending 1st and 2nd Declension (2-1-2)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Three-Ending Adjectives: 1st and 2nd Declension (2-1-2)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The vast majority of adjectives&nbsp;use regular MASCULINE&nbsp;and NEUTER 2nd DECLENSION endings when modifying nouns of these genders, and&nbsp;1st DECLENSION endings when modifying FEMININE nouns. This pattern is similar&nbsp;to that used by the pronouns such as&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03cc<\/span> and&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf<\/span>, though with &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03bd<\/span> in the nominative\/accusative singular of the neuter.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2, -\u03ae, -\u03cc\u03bd<\/span> <em>good, brave, noble<\/em> (S 287; GPH p. 21)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u1fe6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1fc6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u1fe6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1ff7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1fc7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1ff7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.96875px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac<br \/>\n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Stems in&nbsp;&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5<\/span>, &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b9<\/span>&nbsp;or &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If the stem of the adjective ends in &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5<\/span>, &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b9<\/span> or &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c1<\/span>, the singular forms of the 1st DECLENSION&nbsp;change the &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b7<\/span>&#8211; to &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1fb1<\/span>-. Note that this&nbsp;change matches that of&nbsp;1st DECLENSION NOUNS.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, -\u03b1 , -\u03bf\u03bd<\/span> <em>just<\/em> (S 287; GPH p. 22)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u1fb3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.96875px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Big and Many<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Two common adjectives are of the 2-1-2&nbsp;type show additional small changes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7, \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1<\/span> <em>big<\/em><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd<\/span> <em>much, many<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7, \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1&nbsp;<\/span>(stem: <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb<\/span>-)&nbsp;<em>big<\/em> (S 311; GPH p. 34)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u1fc3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u1ff3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.96875px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Note that except for the singular forms&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2<\/span>,&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd<\/span>, and&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1<\/span>, the adjective declines as a regular 2-1-2 adjective.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd<\/span> (stem:<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"> \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb<\/span>-)<em> much, many<\/em> (S 311; GPH p. 33)<\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1fc7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.96875px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Note that except for the singular forms <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c2<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd<\/span>, and <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd<\/span>, the adjective declines as a regular 2-1-2 adjective.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Contract Adjectives<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A handful of adjectives that end in &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03bf\u03c2<\/span>, &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03b1<\/span>, &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;contract in Attic Greek, producing the endings &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/span>, &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b7<\/span>, &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd <\/span>(S 290). There is one example from our vocabulary list:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2 -\u1fc6 -\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;(stem: <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03ad<\/span>-) <em>bronze<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Singular:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1fc6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1fc6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.78125px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1ff7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1fc7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.78125px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1ff7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1fc6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Plural:<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">M<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;F<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">&nbsp;N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Nominative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fd6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03b1\u1fd6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1fb6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Genitive<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15.96875px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\">Dative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15.96875px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"height: 15px\">Accusative<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1fb6\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 15px\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u1fb6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><strong>Usage<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Depending on its placement, a Greek adjective&nbsp;has three possible functions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Attributive Position<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Greek adjectives describe nouns when they are in the attributive position:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f41 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2<\/span> = the bad king<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/span> = the bad king<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/span> = the bad king<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2<\/span> = a bad king<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Note that while the adjective modifies its noun in gender, number, and case, it does not necessarily modify the noun in declension!&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2<\/span> is 3rd Declension, but&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/span> is 2nd Declension.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Predicate Position<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Outside the attributive position, Greek adjectives function as predicates to the noun:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f41 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/span> = The king (is) bad.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f31 \u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;= Troubles make the king bad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Stand Alone (Substantive)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Greek routinely uses adjectives, often with a definite article, to render the adjective a substantive:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f41 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/span> = the bad man, the bad person<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/span> = a bad man, a bad person<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u1f31 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af<\/span> = the bad men, the bad people<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If the definite article is neuter singular \u2013&nbsp;or occasionally neuter&nbsp;plural \u2013 the substantive can serve&nbsp;as an abstract noun:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u1f78 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd<\/span> = the bad thing; evil<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u1f78 \u1f04\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;= the unjust thing; injustice<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u1f78 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd<\/span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;the beautiful; beauty<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">&#8211; \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 &#8211;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Key Terms and Concepts<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>THE FOUR ADJECTIVE DECLENSION FAMILIES<\/li>\n<li>ADJECTIVES WITH STEMS IN \u2013<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5<\/span>, \u2013<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b9<\/span> OR&nbsp;\u2013<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c1<\/span><\/li>\n<li>CONTRACT ADJECTIVES<\/li>\n<li>ADJECTIVES IN ATTRIBUTIVE POSITION<\/li>\n<li>ADJECTIVES IN PREDICATE&nbsp;POSITION<\/li>\n<li>ADJECTIVES AS SUBSTANTIVES<\/li>\n<li>ADJECTIVES AS ABSTRACT NOUNS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Vocabulary<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>1st and 2nd Declension (2-1-2)<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd good, brave, noble<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u1f30\u03c3\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd ugly, disgraceful<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u1f34\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd responsible, guilty<\/li>\n<li>\u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd other<\/li>\n<li>\u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd both<\/li>\n<li>\u1f04\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd worthy<\/li>\n<li>\u1f04\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd best<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd awesome, terrible<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u1fc6\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd clear, visible<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd just<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd able<\/li>\n<li>\u1f15\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd each<\/li>\n<li>\u1f11\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd each of two<\/li>\n<li>\u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd free<\/li>\n<li>\u1f10\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd my, mine<\/li>\n<li>\u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd opposite<\/li>\n<li>\u1f15\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd other<\/li>\n<li>\u1f10\u03c7\u03b8\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd hated, hostile<\/li>\n<li>\u1f21\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd our<\/li>\n<li>\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd divine<\/li>\n<li>\u1f34\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd one\u2019s own, private<\/li>\n<li>\u1f31\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd holy, sacred<\/li>\n<li>\u1f31\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd sufficient<\/li>\n<li>\u1f34\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd equal to (+ dat.)<\/li>\n<li>\u1f30\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd strong<\/li>\n<li>\u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd bad, cowardly<\/li>\n<li>\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd beautiful, noble<\/li>\n<li>\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd common<\/li>\n<li>\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd bright, brilliant, famous<\/li>\n<li>\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd remaining<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd long, tall, large<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7, \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1 big<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd middle<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd small, little, short<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd alone, single<\/li>\n<li>\u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd countless thousands<\/li>\n<li>\u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd young, new<\/li>\n<li>\u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd domestic, one\u2019s own<\/li>\n<li>\u1f40\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd few, little, small<\/li>\n<li>\u1f45\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd whole, complete<\/li>\n<li>\u1f45\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd like, resembling<\/li>\n<li>\u1f40\u03c1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd straight, true, regular<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd old<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd most, largest<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03bf\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd what sort of?<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd hostile<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd much, many<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd worthless, bad; painful<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd which of the two?<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd before, earlier<\/li>\n<li>\u1fe5\u1fb4\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd easy<\/li>\n<li>\u03c3\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd your, yours (sing.)<\/li>\n<li>\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd wise<\/li>\n<li>\u1f51\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd your, yours (pl.)<\/li>\n<li>\u1f55\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd following, next, later<\/li>\n<li>\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd clear, evident<\/li>\n<li>\u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd beloved, dear<\/li>\n<li>\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ae -\u03cc\u03bd difficult<\/li>\n<li>\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2 -\u1fc6 -\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd bronze<\/li>\n<li>\u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd useful<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\n<p>\u0399. Memorize the vocabulary.<\/p>\n<p>\u0399\u0399.&nbsp;Decline in full the following adjectives. Watch the&nbsp;accents!<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd<\/li>\n<li>\u1f34\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b1 -\u03bf\u03bd<\/li>\n<li>\u1f45\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1\u1f30\u03c3\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 -\u03ac -\u03cc\u03bd<\/li>\n<li>\u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 -\u03b7 -\u03bf\u03bd<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>I\u0399\u0399. Decline each noun\/adjective pair in full. Watch&nbsp;the&nbsp;accents!<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Much time<\/li>\n<li>Big contest<\/li>\n<li>Clear night<\/li>\n<li>Bronze weapon<\/li>\n<li>Wise advice<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>IV. Render each of these abstractions into Greek using a definite article and an adjective.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Goodness<\/li>\n<li>Hostility<\/li>\n<li>Difficulty<\/li>\n<li>Public affairs<\/li>\n<li>The rest<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-144","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":18,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/144","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/144\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":145,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/144\/revisions\/145"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/18"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/144\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=144"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=144"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=144"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}