{"id":173,"date":"2016-06-14T18:43:32","date_gmt":"2016-06-14T18:43:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/chapter\/58-middle-voice-imperfect\/"},"modified":"2018-01-19T11:35:47","modified_gmt":"2018-01-19T11:35:47","slug":"58-middle-voice-imperfect","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/chapter\/58-middle-voice-imperfect\/","title":{"rendered":"The Middle Voice: Imperfect"},"content":{"raw":"\n[caption id=\"attachment_1804\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"901\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/ancientgreek.pressbooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48881\/2017\/09\/i-4568.jpeg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-172\" src=\"http:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/09\/i-4568.jpeg\" alt=\"2008.01.0133\" width=\"901\" height=\"1024\"><\/a> Statue base for Archippe, set up by her mother possibly at the Eleusinion. 4th c. B.C. Athenian Agora Excavations.[\/caption]\n<hr>\n<h2><strong>The Middle Voice<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>As we have seen, one of the main&nbsp;distinctions between PRIMARY and SECONDARY verbs are the personal endings that each uses. Let us review again the following chart, which shows&nbsp;the overall scheme of verb endings (pdf version here: <a href=\"https:\/\/ancientgreek.pressbooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48881\/2017\/03\/Greek-Verbs-master-list-of-endings.pdf\">Greek Verbs: Master List of Endings<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Here we&nbsp;can see that we&nbsp;have learned the three sets of PRIMARY ENDINGS&nbsp;(-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9<\/span>, -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c9<\/span> or -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9<\/span>).&nbsp;Note the differences and similarities between the PRIMARY MIDDLE and the&nbsp;SECONDARY MIDDLE endings.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ancientgreek.pressbooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48881\/2017\/03\/Master-List-of-Verb-Endings.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-136\" src=\"http:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/08\/Master-List-of-Verb-Endings.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1314\" height=\"939\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>As with PRIMARY TENSES, the&nbsp;MIDDLE VOICE of SECONDARY TENSES use exactly the&nbsp;SAME PERSONAL ENDINGS&nbsp;to designate person and number, as well as&nbsp;the infinitive mood. Athematic -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9<\/span> verbs will add these endings directly to the stem.<\/p>\n<p>Remember, though, that -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c9<\/span> verbs have a thematic vowel&nbsp;(-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf<\/span>\/-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5<\/span>) that is added before these endings.&nbsp;Note that the second person singular regularly appears in a contracted form that results from the loss of the INTERVOCALIC SIGMA (S 628).<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span> = I (1st person singular)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span> = we (1st person plural)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">o\u03c5<\/span> = you (2nd person singular)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span> = y\u2019all (2nd person plural)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> = (s)he, it (3rd person sg)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> = they (3rd person pl)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u2013<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9<\/span> signals that a verb is in the infinitive.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Imperfect Tense<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Recall that verbs in the imperfect tense have the same stem as the present tense.&nbsp;Two additional markers combine to indicate the imperfect tense:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An augment (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>-) precedes the present tense stem.<\/li>\n<li>Secondary tenses of Greek verbs use secondary endings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Putting it all together, the imperfect tense stem looks like this:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5<\/span> = \u201cshow\u201d (in the imperfect)<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03c5<\/span> = \u201cloosen\u201d (in the imperfect)<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd<\/span> = \u201ctake\u201d (in the imperfect)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Remember: there is NO INFINITIVE for the imperfect tense.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Middle of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9<\/span> (athematic)&nbsp;(S 418; GPH p. 157)<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Middle of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bb\u03cd\u03c9<\/span>&nbsp;(thematic) (S 383; GPH p. 70)<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Middle of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9<\/span> (thematic)<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf <\/span>\u2192)<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"> \u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2>-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9<\/span> Verbs<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The following -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9<\/span> verbs all form the IMPERFECT MIDDLE regularly, according to the following rules:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Short stem vowels are used for all stems<\/li>\n<li>The intervocalic <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c3<\/span> in the 2nd person singular does NOT drop out (S 744). This same phenomenon happens with the Present Middle of these -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9<\/span> verbs (i.e.,&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9<\/span>,&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9<\/span>,&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9<\/span>, and&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Middle of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b9<\/span>&nbsp;(S 416; GPH p. 124)<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Middle of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9<\/span>&nbsp;(S 416; GPH p. 146)<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Middle of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9&nbsp;<\/span>(S 416; GPH p. 135)<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f31\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f31\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Note: This verb has a long vowel augment, but it does not affect the way it the vowel is written, since long and short <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b9<\/span> are written the same.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Active of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9 <\/span>(S 777)<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f31\u03ad\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f31\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Note: This verb has a long vowel augment, but it does not affect the way it the vowel is written (since long and short <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b9<\/span> are written the same).<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2><strong>Contract Verbs<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The rules of vowel contraction operate in verbs when the stem ends in one of the vowels <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5<\/span> or <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf<\/span>.&nbsp;In these cases, this final vowel of the stem contracts with the thematic vowel of -<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c9<\/span> verbs.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Middle of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u03b5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f91\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u03b5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span>&nbsp;\u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f91\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f91\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f91\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f91\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f95\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Middle of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ac\u03c9<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f20\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f20\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ac\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f20\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u1ff6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ac\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f20\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ac\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f20\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u1fb6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ac\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f20\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Middle of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c9<\/span>&nbsp;(GPH p. 119)<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">- \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 -<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Key Terms and Concepts<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>ATHEMATIC MIDDLE VOICE SECONDARY ENDINGS<\/li>\n<li>THEMATIC MIDDLE VOICE SECONDARY ENDINGS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\n<p>\u0399. Conjugate in full&nbsp;the following verbs in the imperfect middle. Remember that there is no infinitive.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u1f10\u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ad\u03c9<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-indent: 2em\">\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b9&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-indent: 2em\">\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-indent: 2em\">\u1f35\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-indent: 2em\">\u1f35\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0399\u0399. Review the Greek Verbs: Master List of Endings chart. Download a blank version of the chart here:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ancientgreek.pressbooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48881\/2017\/09\/Master-List-of-Verb-Endings-Blank.pdf\">Master List of Verb Endings Blank<\/a>. Practice filling out the chart from memory.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n","rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1804\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1804\" style=\"width: 901px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ancientgreek.pressbooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48881\/2017\/09\/i-4568.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-172\" src=\"\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/09\/i-4568.jpeg\" alt=\"2008.01.0133\" width=\"901\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/09\/i-4568.jpeg 901w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/09\/i-4568-264x300.jpeg 264w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/09\/i-4568-768x873.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/09\/i-4568-65x74.jpeg 65w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/09\/i-4568-225x256.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/09\/i-4568-350x398.jpeg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1804\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Statue base for Archippe, set up by her mother possibly at the Eleusinion. 4th c. B.C. Athenian Agora Excavations.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><strong>The Middle Voice<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>As we have seen, one of the main&nbsp;distinctions between PRIMARY and SECONDARY verbs are the personal endings that each uses. Let us review again the following chart, which shows&nbsp;the overall scheme of verb endings (pdf version here: <a href=\"https:\/\/ancientgreek.pressbooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48881\/2017\/03\/Greek-Verbs-master-list-of-endings.pdf\">Greek Verbs: Master List of Endings<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Here we&nbsp;can see that we&nbsp;have learned the three sets of PRIMARY ENDINGS&nbsp;(-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9<\/span>, &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c9<\/span> or &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9<\/span>).&nbsp;Note the differences and similarities between the PRIMARY MIDDLE and the&nbsp;SECONDARY MIDDLE endings.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ancientgreek.pressbooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48881\/2017\/03\/Master-List-of-Verb-Endings.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-136\" src=\"\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/08\/Master-List-of-Verb-Endings.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1314\" height=\"939\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/08\/Master-List-of-Verb-Endings.png 1314w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/08\/Master-List-of-Verb-Endings-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/08\/Master-List-of-Verb-Endings-768x549.png 768w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/08\/Master-List-of-Verb-Endings-1024x732.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/08\/Master-List-of-Verb-Endings-65x46.png 65w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/08\/Master-List-of-Verb-Endings-225x161.png 225w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/53\/2017\/08\/Master-List-of-Verb-Endings-350x250.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1314px) 100vw, 1314px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>As with PRIMARY TENSES, the&nbsp;MIDDLE VOICE of SECONDARY TENSES use exactly the&nbsp;SAME PERSONAL ENDINGS&nbsp;to designate person and number, as well as&nbsp;the infinitive mood. Athematic &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9<\/span> verbs will add these endings directly to the stem.<\/p>\n<p>Remember, though, that &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c9<\/span> verbs have a thematic vowel&nbsp;(-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf<\/span>\/-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5<\/span>) that is added before these endings.&nbsp;Note that the second person singular regularly appears in a contracted form that results from the loss of the INTERVOCALIC SIGMA (S 628).<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span> = I (1st person singular)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span> = we (1st person plural)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(-<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">o\u03c5<\/span> = you (2nd person singular)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span> = y\u2019all (2nd person plural)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> = (s)he, it (3rd person sg)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> = they (3rd person pl)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u2013<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9<\/span> signals that a verb is in the infinitive.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Imperfect Tense<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Recall that verbs in the imperfect tense have the same stem as the present tense.&nbsp;Two additional markers combine to indicate the imperfect tense:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An augment (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>-) precedes the present tense stem.<\/li>\n<li>Secondary tenses of Greek verbs use secondary endings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Putting it all together, the imperfect tense stem looks like this:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5<\/span> = \u201cshow\u201d (in the imperfect)<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03c5<\/span> = \u201cloosen\u201d (in the imperfect)<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd<\/span> = \u201ctake\u201d (in the imperfect)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Remember: there is NO INFINITIVE for the imperfect tense.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Middle of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9<\/span> (athematic)&nbsp;(S 418; GPH p. 157)<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03bd\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Middle of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bb\u03cd\u03c9<\/span>&nbsp;(thematic) (S 383; GPH p. 70)<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Middle of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9<\/span> (thematic)<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf <\/span>\u2192)<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"> \u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9<\/span> Verbs<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The following &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9<\/span> verbs all form the IMPERFECT MIDDLE regularly, according to the following rules:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Short stem vowels are used for all stems<\/li>\n<li>The intervocalic <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c3<\/span> in the 2nd person singular does NOT drop out (S 744). This same phenomenon happens with the Present Middle of these &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bc\u03b9<\/span> verbs (i.e.,&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9<\/span>,&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9<\/span>,&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9<\/span>, and&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Middle of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b9<\/span>&nbsp;(S 416; GPH p. 124)<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Middle of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9<\/span>&nbsp;(S 416; GPH p. 146)<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Middle of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9&nbsp;<\/span>(S 416; GPH p. 135)<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f31\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f31\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Note: This verb has a long vowel augment, but it does not affect the way it the vowel is written, since long and short <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b9<\/span> are written the same.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Active of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9 <\/span>(S 777)<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f31\u03ad\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f31\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f35\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Note: This verb has a long vowel augment, but it does not affect the way it the vowel is written (since long and short <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b9<\/span> are written the same).<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><strong>Contract Verbs<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The rules of vowel contraction operate in verbs when the stem ends in one of the vowels <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5<\/span> or <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03bf<\/span>.&nbsp;In these cases, this final vowel of the stem contracts with the thematic vowel of &#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03c9<\/span> verbs.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Middle of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u03b5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f91\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u03b5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span>&nbsp;\u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f91\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f91\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f91\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f91\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f95\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Middle of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ac\u03c9<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f20\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f20\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ac\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f20\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u1ff6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ac\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f20\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ac\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f20\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u1fb6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10<\/span>&#8211;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ac\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f20\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Imperfect, Indicative, Middle of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c9<\/span>&nbsp;(GPH p. 119)<\/p>\n<table class=\"no-lines\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">(<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> \u2192) <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u1f10\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">&#8211; \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 &#8211;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Key Terms and Concepts<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>ATHEMATIC MIDDLE VOICE SECONDARY ENDINGS<\/li>\n<li>THEMATIC MIDDLE VOICE SECONDARY ENDINGS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Exercises<\/h3>\n<p>\u0399. Conjugate in full&nbsp;the following verbs in the imperfect middle. Remember that there is no infinitive.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u1f10\u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9<\/li>\n<li>\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ad\u03c9<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-indent: 2em\">\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b9&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-indent: 2em\">\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-indent: 2em\">\u1f35\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-indent: 2em\">\u1f35\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0399\u0399. Review the Greek Verbs: Master List of Endings chart. Download a blank version of the chart here:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ancientgreek.pressbooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48881\/2017\/09\/Master-List-of-Verb-Endings-Blank.pdf\">Master List of Verb Endings Blank<\/a>. Practice filling out the chart from memory.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-173","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":18,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/173","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/173\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":174,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/173\/revisions\/174"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/18"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/173\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=173"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=173"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=173"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=173"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}