AGE Readings 20<\/a>.<\/p>\nPolitical theory thrived in fourth-century BCE Greece. While the political writings of Plato and Aristotle are more often read and studied today, Isocrates was also an influential and respected intellectual on political thought at the time. Among Isocrates\u2019 writings is an open letter to Nicocles, then the ruler of the island of Cyprus. The letter offers general principles for training a king. In this section, he focuses on preparing a king mentally.<\/p>\n
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\u1f00\u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f45\u03c3\u1ff3 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f02\u03bd \u1f10\u03c1\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u1f04\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd \u1f00\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u1fc3\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u1ff3 \u03bc\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b1\u1f51\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd \u1f00\u03c3\u03ba\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n
Isocrates 2.11-14<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u1f04\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u2013\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f21 stupidity<\/p>\n
\u1f00\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 compete, struggle<\/p>\n
\u1f00\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f41 competitor, rival<\/p>\n
\u1f06\u03b8\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cc labor<\/p>\n
\u1f00\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f41 listener<\/p>\n
\u1f04\u03bd marks a hypothetical situation<\/p>\n
\u1f00\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u03bd ignorant<\/p>\n
\u1f04\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u03bd inexperienced<\/p>\n
\u1f00\u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c9 train<\/p>\n
\u1f00\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f41 athlete<\/p>\n
\u1f00\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u1fc3\u03c2 \u201cyou should dishonor\u201d<\/p>\n
\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 (acc sg) one who will be king<\/p>\n
\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u201cyou can become\u201d<\/p>\n
\u03b3\u03af\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 command \u201cbecome\u201d<\/p>\n
\u03b3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bd\u03ac\u03b6\u03c9 exercise<\/p>\n
\u03b3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cc exercise<\/p>\n
\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf command \u201cfixate\u201d<\/p>\n
\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u2013\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f21 intellect<\/p>\n
\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 (acc sg) one who will manage<\/p>\n
\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03b7 \u2013\u03bf\u03bd powerful, having power<\/p>\n
\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u1fc3 ~ \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9<\/p>\n
\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u2013\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f21 bad luck<\/p>\n
\u1f10\u03bd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03b7 \u2013\u03bf\u03bd internalizing<\/p>\n
\u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u2013\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f21 diligence<\/p>\n
\u1f10\u03c1\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03b7 \u2013\u03bf\u03bd earnest, vigorous<\/p>\n
\u03b5\u1f50\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd -\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b1 \u2013\u03cc\u03bd famous<\/p>\n
\u03b5\u1f50\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd benefit<\/p>\n
\u03b5\u1f51\u03c1\u03ae\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd (1st pl perfect) \u201cwe have found\u201d<\/p>\n
\u1f21\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf \u201cyou would believe\u201d<\/p>\n
\u1f21\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c9 tame<\/p>\n
\u03b8\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u2013\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cc beast, animal<\/p>\n
\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u1ff7\u03c2 (2nd sg aorist) render judgment<\/p>\n
\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f41 judge, critic<\/p>\n
\u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 especially<\/p>\n
\u03bc\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd more<\/p>\n
\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 command \u201csend for\u201d<\/p>\n
\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5 command \u201cbelieve\u201d<\/p>\n
\u03bf\u1f37\u03bf\u03bd as<\/p>\n
\u03bf\u1f34\u03bf\u03c5 command \u201cthink\u201d<\/p>\n
\u1f45\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 so that, in order that<\/p>\n
\u1f45\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03b1 \u2013\u03bf\u03bd (as much) as<\/p>\n
\u1f45\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 as much as<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u2013\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f21 education<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u2013\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f21 assembly<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b7\u03c2 \u201cyou could be comforted\u201d<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b5 command \u201cprepare\u201d<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u2013\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 someone present<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03b6\u03b5 command \u201cstay near\u201d<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c7\u03c9 surpass, exceed<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03c7\u03c9 turn to<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 it belongs to, concerns<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9 command<\/p>\n
\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u2013\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f41 intellectual<\/p>\n
\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u2013\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf of the same kind (as)<\/p>\n
\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u2013\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf as much (as); so great (…\u1f61\u03c2 = that)<\/p>\n
\u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9 advise<\/p>\n
\u03c6\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013\u03b7 \u2013\u03bf\u03bd smart<\/p>\n
*\u1f65\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 so that, with the result that<\/p>\n
\u1f60\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u201cwe can help\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-185","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":18,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/185\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":186,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/185\/revisions\/186"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/18"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/185\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=185"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=185"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}