Reading Passages<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Assignment<\/b><\/p>\n
For each of the following Greek sentences: 1). Read it aloud; 2). Parse each verb and noun; and 3). Translate each sentence into English. To download the Classical Readings as a pdf, click here: AGE Readings 4<\/a>. To download the Biblical Readings as a pdf, click here: AGE Readings 4b<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Classical Readings<\/b><\/p>\n 1. The Titan Prometheus has been bound to a cliff face in the Caucasus mountains on the orders of Zeus, king of the Olympian gods. Once he is bound, Prometheus sings about his suffering, but then suddenly stops and says:<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03af \u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9;<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 = form of \u03ba\u03b1\u03af used to change topics<\/p>\n Aeschylus Prometheus Bound <\/i>101<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2. A chorus of the daughters of the god of the Ocean come visit Prometheus and learn of his punishment. When Prometheus explains that his punishment can end only when Zeus wills it so, the chorus asks in despair:<\/p>\n \u03c4\u03af\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03c2 [\u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd];<\/p>\n Aeschylus Prometheus Bound <\/i>259<\/p>\n Note:<\/p>\n Is \u03c4\u03af\u03c2 an interrogative pronoun or adjective here?<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 3. During the Trojan War, the great Greek warrior Ajax becomes embroiled in a controversy and eventually commits suicide. His wife (and former prisoner of war) says of his enemies:<\/p>\n \u0391\u1f34\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u2019 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u2026<\/p>\n \u0391\u1f34\u03b1\u03c2 \u0391\u1f34\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 Ajax<\/p>\n \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u2019 = \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9 no longer<\/p>\n Sophocles Ajax <\/i>972<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 4. Ajax\u2019s half-brother, Teucer, defends the fallen warrior\u2019s reputation, which angers the general of the Greek forces, Agamemnon. Here Agamemnon sarcastically quotes Teucer to his face:<\/p>\n \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u2019 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f04\u03c1\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f61\u03c2 \u03c3\u1f7a \u03c6\u1fc4\u03c2, \u0391\u1f34\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9.<\/p>\n \u0391\u1f34\u03b1\u03c2 \u2013\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 Ajax<\/p>\n \u1f14\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 (3rd<\/sup> sg) sailed<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03cd (nom sg) you<\/p>\n Sophocles Ajax <\/i>1234<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 5. After the Trojan War, Agamemnon returns home and is murdered by his wife, Clytemnestra (in retaliation for Agamemnon murdering their daughter Iphigenia before the war). Two of their other children, sister Electra and brother Orestes, later meet and conspire to take vengeance on their own mother. In preparation, Electra sings in part:<\/p>\n \u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u2019 \u1f10\u03b3\u03ce.<\/p>\n \u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd (nom\/acc sg) \u03c4\u03cc divine<\/p>\n \u1f10\u03b3\u03ce (nom sg) I<\/p>\n Sophocles Electra <\/i>1269-70<\/p>\n Notes:<\/p>\n \u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd and \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 are in apposition.<\/p>\n \u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u2019 in this context is best translated as \"ordain, reckon\"<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 6. After Electra and Orestes kill their mother, Orestes falls ill and hallucinates. At one point, his uncle Menelaus (Agamemnon\u2019s brother) visits and asks:<\/p>\n \u03c4\u03af\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u1f00\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2;<\/p>\n \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 disease<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03b5 (acc sg) you<\/p>\n Euripides Orestes <\/i>395<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 7. Ion is a young man who has been raised as an orphan at a temple, ever since he was left there as an infant. Now the priestess of the temple is giving Ion the cradle in which he was found, so that he can search for his parents:<\/p>\n \u1f66 \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u2019 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bc\u03af \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9.<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) you<\/p>\n \u1f66 \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6 \u201cOh child,\u201d; \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6 is the vocative case (we learn this later) of \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2<\/p>\n Euripides Ion <\/i>1358<\/p>\n Note:<\/p>\n Is \u03ba\u03b1\u03af a conjunction or an adverb here?<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 8. Another famous orphan was Oedipus. In this scene, he is trying to discover who his birth parents were. He has found the shepherd who originally took the baby Oedipus from his original parents. At one point the shepherd says that the queen of the city (who is also Oedipus\u2019 wife) knows the origin of the baby Oedipus. Oedipus then asks:<\/p>\n \u1f26 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f25\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9;<\/p>\n \u1f26 (sets up a yes\/no question)<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) you<\/p>\n Sophocles Oedipus Tyrannos <\/i>1173<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 9. Later, Oedipus, old, blind and in exile, comes to the Athenian suburb of Colonus, along with his daughter Antigone, where his other daughter, Ismene, joins them. Then Antigone tells Oedipus that Polynices (their brother\/son\/uncle) has just arrived.<\/p>\n \u2026\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fe6\u03c1\u03bf \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f45\u03b4\u03b5.<\/p>\n Polynices enters and says: <\/i><\/p>\n \u03bf\u1f34\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9, \u2026<\/p>\n \u03b4\u03b5\u1fe6\u03c1\u03bf here<\/p>\n \u03bf\u1f34\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 (a cry of pain)<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9 be present<\/p>\n \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 Polynices<\/p>\n Sophocles Oedipus at Colonus <\/i>1253<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 10. <\/i>As he prepares to invade Thebes and attack his brother, Polynices responds to his mother\u2019s request that the brothers meet and try one last time to settle their differences. He says:<\/p>\n \u03bc\u1fc6\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1, \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9 \u2026<\/p>\n \u03bc\u1fc6\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1 mother<\/p>\n Euripides Phoenician Women <\/i>446<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 11. In Euripides\u2019 satyrical version of Odysseus\u2019 encounter with the Cyclops (originally from Odyssey <\/i>book 9), Silenus takes the bowl of wine and the Cyclops asks:<\/p>\n \u1f30\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd. \u03c4\u03af \u03b4\u1fc6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c1\u2019 \u1f44\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u2019 \u1f10\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03c2;<\/p>\n \u03b4\u1fc6\u03c4\u03b1 (emphasizes preceding word)<\/p>\n \u1f10\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6 (gen. sg.) me<\/p>\n \u1f30\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd Look! Hey!<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c1\u2019 = \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c1\u03b1 < \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1 \u2013\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 bowl (for wine)<\/p>\n \u1f44\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u2019 = \u1f44\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5 behind (+ gen.)<\/p>\n Euripides Cyclops <\/i>545<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 12. In an alternate (lost) version of Aristophanes\u2019 Peace<\/i>, the goddess of farming plays a role. She appears and says that she is closely related to Peace, at which point someone asks her:<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03bf\u1f76 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f44\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f74 \u03c4\u03af \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd;<\/p>\n to which the goddess responds: <\/i><\/p>\n \u1f45 \u03c4\u03b9; \u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n \u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 (nom sg) \u1f21 Agriculture, Farming<\/p>\n \u03b4\u03ae (emphasizes preceding word)<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) you<\/p>\n Aristophanes Peace <\/i>fr. 305<\/p>\n Note:<\/p>\n \u1f45 \u03c4\u03b9 is an indefinite relative pronoun, here in the nominative case modifying a neuter singular antecedent. What is that antecedent?<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 13. In another comedy, the tragedian Euripides is in trouble with the women of Athens for his unflattering portrayal of them on stage. He sends one of his in-laws to spy on the women, but he ends up captured. Euripides later comes in disguise to rescue his kinsman from a guard:<\/p>\n Archer guard: \u1f44\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ad \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03af \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd;<\/p>\n Euripides: \u1f08\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n \u1f08\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 (nom sg) \u1f21 Artemesia (a famous naval commander from the Persian wars)<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) you<\/p>\n Aristophanes Thesmophoriazusae <\/i>1200<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 14. The historian Thucydides counts the ships lost in a naval battle:<\/p>\n \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1f76 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03cd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd.<\/p>\n \u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1 ten<\/p>\n \u03bd\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c2 (acc pl) \u1f21 ships<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 five<\/p>\n Thucydides 8.106.4<\/p>\n Note:<\/p>\n Many numbers, including \u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1 and \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5, do not decline. The nouns that they modify are usually obvious from context.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 15. The intellectual and teacher Isocrates is listing things that people do in order to better themselves and receive a superior education at Athens:<\/p>\n \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03b4\u1fc6\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd.<\/p>\n \u03b4\u1fc6\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd [supply \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bd] (nom sg) \u03c4\u03cc clear<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 (nom\/acc pl) \u03c4\u03cc anything & everything<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 (3rd<\/sup> pl) sail<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd (3rd<\/sup> pl) do<\/p>\n \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03bc\u03b1 \u2013\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc thing (pl.) money<\/p>\n Isocrates 15.226<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 16. Here Socrates is trying to determine the nature and origin of words:<\/p>\n \u03c4\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f21\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f40\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u1f37\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1;<\/p>\n \u1f21\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd (dat pl) us<\/p>\n \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1 (1st<\/sup> pl) use (takes a dative object)<\/p>\n Plato Cratylus <\/i>388d<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Biblical Readings<\/b><\/p>\n 1. From a koine <\/i>Greek translation of an ancient Jewish prayer:<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c7\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f21 \u1f10\u03bb\u03c0\u1f76\u03c2 \u03c4\u03af\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd, \u03b5\u1f30 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03c3\u03cd, \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5;<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5 Lord!<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 -\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 poor man<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c7\u03bf\u1fe6 (gen sg) \u1f41 beggar<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03cd (nom. sg.) you<\/p>\n Psalm of Solomon 5:11<\/p>\n Note:<\/p>\n The negative of a protasis (if <\/i>clause) in a conditional is usually expressed by \u03bc\u03ae.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The fifth book of Moses (the last of the collection called in Greek the \u03a0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u201cPentateuch,\u201d which refers to its five volumes) is known in English as Deuteronomy <\/i>(from Greek \u0394\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \"second law\u201c). It consists primarily of speeches by Moses to the Israelites, renewing and refining religious practice. Substantial portions consist of rules and regulations, and as such often have a repeated pattern and formula. The next several sentences give examples of slight variations on a phrase repeated often in Deuteronomy<\/i>.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2. Moses recalls that he said to the Israelites that they had come:<\/p>\n \u1f15\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f44\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u0391\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u1f43 \u1f41 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b8\u03b5\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f51\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd.<\/p>\n \u0391\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (gen sg) \u03c4\u03cc Amorite<\/p>\n \u1f15\u03c9\u03c2 as far as (+ gen.)<\/p>\n \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd our<\/p>\n \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 god<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 lord<\/p>\n \u1f44\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (gen sg) \u03c4\u03cc mountain, hill<\/p>\n \u1f51\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd (dat pl) y\u2019all<\/p>\n LXX Deut. 1:20<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 3. Moses recalls the report of the Valley of Eshcol:<\/p>\n \u1f08\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1f74 [\u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd] \u1f21 \u03b3\u1fc6, \u1f23\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b8\u03b5\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f21\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd.<\/p>\n \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1f74 (fem. nom sg) good<\/p>\n \u03b3\u1fc6 (nom sg) \u1f21 earth, land<\/p>\n \u1f21\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd (dat pl) us<\/p>\n \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd our<\/p>\n \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 god<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 lord<\/p>\n LXX Deut. 1:25<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 4. Moses relays the Lord\u2019s promise that the Israelites will consume:<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c3\u03ba\u1fe6\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03b8\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd, \u1f03 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03bd \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9\u00b7<\/p>\n \u1f10\u03b8\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd (gen pl) \u03c4\u03cc nation, people<\/p>\n \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 god<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 lord<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 (acc pl) \u03c4\u03cc all<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03ba\u1fe6\u03bb\u03b1 (acc pl) \u03c4\u03cc spoils, prizes of war<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) you<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 your<\/p>\n LXX Deut. 7:16<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 5. At Gerasa, Jesus meets a man possessed by a spirit (\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b1). After he commands the spirit to exit the man, he asks:<\/p>\n \u03a4\u03af \u1f44\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9;<\/p>\n to which the spirit replies<\/i><\/p>\n \u039b\u03b5\u03b3\u03b9\u1f7c\u03bd \u1f44\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9, \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u1f10\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd.<\/p>\n \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd -\u1ff6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 = Latin legio <\/i>(a Roman unit of 5000+ troops)<\/p>\n \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) me<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af (nom pl) \u1f41 many<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) you<\/p>\n \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u039c\u1fb6\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd 5:9<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 6. At dinner, after Jesus forgives a woman\u2019s sins, others sitting at the table ask:<\/p>\n \u03a4\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f43\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f01\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c6\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd;<\/p>\n \u1f01\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (acc pl) \u1f21 sins<\/p>\n \u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (masc. nom sg) \u1f41 this<\/p>\n \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u039b\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u1fb6\u03bd 7:49<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 7. When the blind man reports that he was healed by Jesus, others ask him:<\/p>\n \u03a0\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2;<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03bf\u1fe6 where?<\/p>\n \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd 9:12<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 8. At Simon\u2019s house, Peter answers a call from men sent by Cornelius:<\/p>\n \u1f38\u03b4\u03bf\u1f7a \u1f10\u03b3\u03ce \u03b5\u1f30\u03bc\u03b9 \u1f43\u03bd \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b5\u00b7 \u03c4\u03af\u03c2 \u1f21 \u03b1\u1f30\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u2019 \u1f23\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5;<\/p>\n \u03b1\u1f30\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 (nom sg) \u1f21 cause, reason<\/p>\n \u03b4\u03b9\u2019 = \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac because of<\/p>\n \u1f10\u03b3\u03ce (nom sg) I<\/p>\n \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b5 (2nd<\/sup> pl) seek<\/p>\n \u1f30\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd Look!<\/p>\n \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd 10:21<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 9. Paul says he is unfit to be called an apostle,<\/p>\n \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b5\u1f30\u03bc\u03b9 \u1f45 \u03b5\u1f30\u03bc\u03b9.<\/p>\n \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 (gen sg) \u1f41 god<\/p>\n \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f21 grace<\/p>\n \u03a0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b8\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u2019 15:10<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 10. Paul warns that God destroys anyone who destroys his temple:<\/p>\n \u03b5\u1f34 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f41 \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2\u00b7 \u1f41 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03bd\u03b1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f05\u03b3\u03b9\u03cc\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd.<\/p>\n \u1f05\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 holy<\/p>\n \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 (gen sg) \u1f41 god<\/p>\n \u03bd\u03b1\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg); \u03bd\u03b1\u03cc\u03bd (acc. sg) \u1f41 temple<\/p>\n \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd (masc. acc. sg.) this man<\/p>\n \u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 (3rd<\/sup> sing. present); \u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6 (3rd<\/sup> sing. future) destroy<\/p>\n \u03a0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b8\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u2019 3:17<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 11. Paul urges Christians to take the helmet of salvation<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f45 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1fe5\u1fc6\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6\u2026<\/p>\n \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 (gen sg) \u1f41 God<\/p>\n \u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd (acc sg) \u1f21 sword<\/p>\n \u1fe5\u1fc6\u03bc\u03b1 -\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc speech<\/p>\n \u03a0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f18\u03c6\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 6:17<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 12. From the Book of Revelation, a lamb that has:<\/p>\n \u2026\u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f11\u03c0\u03c4\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f40\u03c6\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f11\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac, \u03bf\u1f35 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1f70 [\u1f11\u03c0\u03c4\u1f70] \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 ...<\/p>\n \u1f11\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac seven (does not decline)<\/p>\n \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 (gen sg) \u1f41 God<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc horn<\/p>\n \u1f40\u03c6\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 (acc pl) \u1f41 eyes<\/p>\n \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 5:6<\/p>\n\n","rendered":" Reading Passages<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Assignment<\/b><\/p>\n For each of the following Greek sentences: 1). Read it aloud; 2). Parse each verb and noun; and 3). Translate each sentence into English. To download the Classical Readings as a pdf, click here: AGE Readings 4<\/a>. To download the Biblical Readings as a pdf, click here: AGE Readings 4b<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Classical Readings<\/b><\/p>\n 1. The Titan Prometheus has been bound to a cliff face in the Caucasus mountains on the orders of Zeus, king of the Olympian gods. Once he is bound, Prometheus sings about his suffering, but then suddenly stops and says:<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03af \u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9;<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 = form of \u03ba\u03b1\u03af used to change topics<\/p>\n Aeschylus Prometheus Bound <\/i>101<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2. A chorus of the daughters of the god of the Ocean come visit Prometheus and learn of his punishment. When Prometheus explains that his punishment can end only when Zeus wills it so, the chorus asks in despair:<\/p>\n \u03c4\u03af\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03c2 [\u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd];<\/p>\n Aeschylus Prometheus Bound <\/i>259<\/p>\n Note:<\/p>\n Is \u03c4\u03af\u03c2 an interrogative pronoun or adjective here?<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 3. During the Trojan War, the great Greek warrior Ajax becomes embroiled in a controversy and eventually commits suicide. His wife (and former prisoner of war) says of his enemies:<\/p>\n \u0391\u1f34\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u2019 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u2026<\/p>\n \u0391\u1f34\u03b1\u03c2 \u0391\u1f34\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 Ajax<\/p>\n \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u2019 = \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9 no longer<\/p>\n Sophocles Ajax <\/i>972<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 4. Ajax\u2019s half-brother, Teucer, defends the fallen warrior\u2019s reputation, which angers the general of the Greek forces, Agamemnon. Here Agamemnon sarcastically quotes Teucer to his face:<\/p>\n \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u2019 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f04\u03c1\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f61\u03c2 \u03c3\u1f7a \u03c6\u1fc4\u03c2, \u0391\u1f34\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9.<\/p>\n \u0391\u1f34\u03b1\u03c2 \u2013\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 Ajax<\/p>\n \u1f14\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 (3rd<\/sup> sg) sailed<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03cd (nom sg) you<\/p>\n Sophocles Ajax <\/i>1234<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 5. After the Trojan War, Agamemnon returns home and is murdered by his wife, Clytemnestra (in retaliation for Agamemnon murdering their daughter Iphigenia before the war). Two of their other children, sister Electra and brother Orestes, later meet and conspire to take vengeance on their own mother. In preparation, Electra sings in part:<\/p>\n \u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u2019 \u1f10\u03b3\u03ce.<\/p>\n \u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd (nom\/acc sg) \u03c4\u03cc divine<\/p>\n \u1f10\u03b3\u03ce (nom sg) I<\/p>\n Sophocles Electra <\/i>1269-70<\/p>\n Notes:<\/p>\n \u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd and \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 are in apposition.<\/p>\n \u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u2019 in this context is best translated as “ordain, reckon”<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 6. After Electra and Orestes kill their mother, Orestes falls ill and hallucinates. At one point, his uncle Menelaus (Agamemnon\u2019s brother) visits and asks:<\/p>\n \u03c4\u03af\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u1f00\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2;<\/p>\n \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 disease<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03b5 (acc sg) you<\/p>\n Euripides Orestes <\/i>395<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 7. Ion is a young man who has been raised as an orphan at a temple, ever since he was left there as an infant. Now the priestess of the temple is giving Ion the cradle in which he was found, so that he can search for his parents:<\/p>\n \u1f66 \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u2019 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bc\u03af \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9.<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) you<\/p>\n \u1f66 \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6 \u201cOh child,\u201d; \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6 is the vocative case (we learn this later) of \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2<\/p>\n Euripides Ion <\/i>1358<\/p>\n Note:<\/p>\n Is \u03ba\u03b1\u03af a conjunction or an adverb here?<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 8. Another famous orphan was Oedipus. In this scene, he is trying to discover who his birth parents were. He has found the shepherd who originally took the baby Oedipus from his original parents. At one point the shepherd says that the queen of the city (who is also Oedipus\u2019 wife) knows the origin of the baby Oedipus. Oedipus then asks:<\/p>\n \u1f26 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f25\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9;<\/p>\n \u1f26 (sets up a yes\/no question)<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) you<\/p>\n Sophocles Oedipus Tyrannos <\/i>1173<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 9. Later, Oedipus, old, blind and in exile, comes to the Athenian suburb of Colonus, along with his daughter Antigone, where his other daughter, Ismene, joins them. Then Antigone tells Oedipus that Polynices (their brother\/son\/uncle) has just arrived.<\/p>\n \u2026\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fe6\u03c1\u03bf \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f45\u03b4\u03b5.<\/p>\n Polynices enters and says: <\/i><\/p>\n \u03bf\u1f34\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9, \u2026<\/p>\n \u03b4\u03b5\u1fe6\u03c1\u03bf here<\/p>\n \u03bf\u1f34\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 (a cry of pain)<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9 be present<\/p>\n \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 Polynices<\/p>\n Sophocles Oedipus at Colonus <\/i>1253<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 10. <\/i>As he prepares to invade Thebes and attack his brother, Polynices responds to his mother\u2019s request that the brothers meet and try one last time to settle their differences. He says:<\/p>\n \u03bc\u1fc6\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1, \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9 \u2026<\/p>\n \u03bc\u1fc6\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1 mother<\/p>\n Euripides Phoenician Women <\/i>446<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 11. In Euripides\u2019 satyrical version of Odysseus\u2019 encounter with the Cyclops (originally from Odyssey <\/i>book 9), Silenus takes the bowl of wine and the Cyclops asks:<\/p>\n \u1f30\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd. \u03c4\u03af \u03b4\u1fc6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c1\u2019 \u1f44\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u2019 \u1f10\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03c2;<\/p>\n \u03b4\u1fc6\u03c4\u03b1 (emphasizes preceding word)<\/p>\n \u1f10\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6 (gen. sg.) me<\/p>\n \u1f30\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd Look! Hey!<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c1\u2019 = \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c1\u03b1 < \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1 \u2013\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 bowl (for wine)<\/p>\n \u1f44\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u2019 = \u1f44\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5 behind (+ gen.)<\/p>\n Euripides Cyclops <\/i>545<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 12. In an alternate (lost) version of Aristophanes\u2019 Peace<\/i>, the goddess of farming plays a role. She appears and says that she is closely related to Peace, at which point someone asks her:<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03bf\u1f76 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f44\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f74 \u03c4\u03af \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd;<\/p>\n to which the goddess responds: <\/i><\/p>\n \u1f45 \u03c4\u03b9; \u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n \u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 (nom sg) \u1f21 Agriculture, Farming<\/p>\n \u03b4\u03ae (emphasizes preceding word)<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) you<\/p>\n Aristophanes Peace <\/i>fr. 305<\/p>\n Note:<\/p>\n \u1f45 \u03c4\u03b9 is an indefinite relative pronoun, here in the nominative case modifying a neuter singular antecedent. What is that antecedent?<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 13. In another comedy, the tragedian Euripides is in trouble with the women of Athens for his unflattering portrayal of them on stage. He sends one of his in-laws to spy on the women, but he ends up captured. Euripides later comes in disguise to rescue his kinsman from a guard:<\/p>\n Archer guard: \u1f44\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ad \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03af \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd;<\/p>\n Euripides: \u1f08\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n \u1f08\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 (nom sg) \u1f21 Artemesia (a famous naval commander from the Persian wars)<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) you<\/p>\n Aristophanes Thesmophoriazusae <\/i>1200<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 14. The historian Thucydides counts the ships lost in a naval battle:<\/p>\n \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1f76 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03cd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd.<\/p>\n \u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1 ten<\/p>\n \u03bd\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c2 (acc pl) \u1f21 ships<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 five<\/p>\n Thucydides 8.106.4<\/p>\n Note:<\/p>\n Many numbers, including \u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1 and \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5, do not decline. The nouns that they modify are usually obvious from context.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 15. The intellectual and teacher Isocrates is listing things that people do in order to better themselves and receive a superior education at Athens:<\/p>\n \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03b4\u1fc6\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd.<\/p>\n \u03b4\u1fc6\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd [supply \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bd] (nom sg) \u03c4\u03cc clear<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 (nom\/acc pl) \u03c4\u03cc anything & everything<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 (3rd<\/sup> pl) sail<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd (3rd<\/sup> pl) do<\/p>\n \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03bc\u03b1 \u2013\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc thing (pl.) money<\/p>\n Isocrates 15.226<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 16. Here Socrates is trying to determine the nature and origin of words:<\/p>\n \u03c4\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f21\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f40\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u1f37\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1;<\/p>\n \u1f21\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd (dat pl) us<\/p>\n \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1 (1st<\/sup> pl) use (takes a dative object)<\/p>\n Plato Cratylus <\/i>388d<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Biblical Readings<\/b><\/p>\n 1. From a koine <\/i>Greek translation of an ancient Jewish prayer:<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c7\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f21 \u1f10\u03bb\u03c0\u1f76\u03c2 \u03c4\u03af\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd, \u03b5\u1f30 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03c3\u03cd, \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5;<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5 Lord!<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 -\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 poor man<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c7\u03bf\u1fe6 (gen sg) \u1f41 beggar<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03cd (nom. sg.) you<\/p>\n Psalm of Solomon 5:11<\/p>\n Note:<\/p>\n The negative of a protasis (if <\/i>clause) in a conditional is usually expressed by \u03bc\u03ae.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The fifth book of Moses (the last of the collection called in Greek the \u03a0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u201cPentateuch,\u201d which refers to its five volumes) is known in English as Deuteronomy <\/i>(from Greek \u0394\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd “second law\u201c). It consists primarily of speeches by Moses to the Israelites, renewing and refining religious practice. Substantial portions consist of rules and regulations, and as such often have a repeated pattern and formula. The next several sentences give examples of slight variations on a phrase repeated often in Deuteronomy<\/i>.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2. Moses recalls that he said to the Israelites that they had come:<\/p>\n \u1f15\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f44\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u0391\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u1f43 \u1f41 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b8\u03b5\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f51\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd.<\/p>\n \u0391\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (gen sg) \u03c4\u03cc Amorite<\/p>\n \u1f15\u03c9\u03c2 as far as (+ gen.)<\/p>\n \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd our<\/p>\n \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 god<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 lord<\/p>\n \u1f44\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (gen sg) \u03c4\u03cc mountain, hill<\/p>\n \u1f51\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd (dat pl) y\u2019all<\/p>\n LXX Deut. 1:20<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 3. Moses recalls the report of the Valley of Eshcol:<\/p>\n \u1f08\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1f74 [\u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd] \u1f21 \u03b3\u1fc6, \u1f23\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b8\u03b5\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f21\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd.<\/p>\n \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1f74 (fem. nom sg) good<\/p>\n \u03b3\u1fc6 (nom sg) \u1f21 earth, land<\/p>\n \u1f21\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd (dat pl) us<\/p>\n \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd our<\/p>\n \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 god<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 lord<\/p>\n LXX Deut. 1:25<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 4. Moses relays the Lord\u2019s promise that the Israelites will consume:<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c3\u03ba\u1fe6\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03b8\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd, \u1f03 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03bd \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9\u00b7<\/p>\n \u1f10\u03b8\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd (gen pl) \u03c4\u03cc nation, people<\/p>\n \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 god<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 lord<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 (acc pl) \u03c4\u03cc all<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03ba\u1fe6\u03bb\u03b1 (acc pl) \u03c4\u03cc spoils, prizes of war<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) you<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 your<\/p>\n LXX Deut. 7:16<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 5. At Gerasa, Jesus meets a man possessed by a spirit (\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b1). After he commands the spirit to exit the man, he asks:<\/p>\n \u03a4\u03af \u1f44\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9;<\/p>\n to which the spirit replies<\/i><\/p>\n \u039b\u03b5\u03b3\u03b9\u1f7c\u03bd \u1f44\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9, \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u1f10\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd.<\/p>\n \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd -\u1ff6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 = Latin legio <\/i>(a Roman unit of 5000+ troops)<\/p>\n \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) me<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af (nom pl) \u1f41 many<\/p>\n \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) you<\/p>\n \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u039c\u1fb6\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd 5:9<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 6. At dinner, after Jesus forgives a woman\u2019s sins, others sitting at the table ask:<\/p>\n \u03a4\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f43\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f01\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c6\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd;<\/p>\n \u1f01\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (acc pl) \u1f21 sins<\/p>\n \u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (masc. nom sg) \u1f41 this<\/p>\n \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u039b\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u1fb6\u03bd 7:49<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 7. When the blind man reports that he was healed by Jesus, others ask him:<\/p>\n \u03a0\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2;<\/p>\n \u03c0\u03bf\u1fe6 where?<\/p>\n \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd 9:12<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 8. At Simon\u2019s house, Peter answers a call from men sent by Cornelius:<\/p>\n \u1f38\u03b4\u03bf\u1f7a \u1f10\u03b3\u03ce \u03b5\u1f30\u03bc\u03b9 \u1f43\u03bd \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b5\u00b7 \u03c4\u03af\u03c2 \u1f21 \u03b1\u1f30\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u2019 \u1f23\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5;<\/p>\n \u03b1\u1f30\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 (nom sg) \u1f21 cause, reason<\/p>\n \u03b4\u03b9\u2019 = \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac because of<\/p>\n \u1f10\u03b3\u03ce (nom sg) I<\/p>\n \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b5 (2nd<\/sup> pl) seek<\/p>\n \u1f30\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd Look!<\/p>\n \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd 10:21<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 9. Paul says he is unfit to be called an apostle,<\/p>\n \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b5\u1f30\u03bc\u03b9 \u1f45 \u03b5\u1f30\u03bc\u03b9.<\/p>\n \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 (gen sg) \u1f41 god<\/p>\n \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f21 grace<\/p>\n \u03a0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b8\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u2019 15:10<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 10. Paul warns that God destroys anyone who destroys his temple:<\/p>\n \u03b5\u1f34 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f41 \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2\u00b7 \u1f41 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03bd\u03b1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f05\u03b3\u03b9\u03cc\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd.<\/p>\n \u1f05\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 holy<\/p>\n \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 (gen sg) \u1f41 god<\/p>\n \u03bd\u03b1\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg); \u03bd\u03b1\u03cc\u03bd (acc. sg) \u1f41 temple<\/p>\n \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd (masc. acc. sg.) this man<\/p>\n \u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 (3rd<\/sup> sing. present); \u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6 (3rd<\/sup> sing. future) destroy<\/p>\n \u03a0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b8\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u2019 3:17<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 11. Paul urges Christians to take the helmet of salvation<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f45 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1fe5\u1fc6\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6\u2026<\/p>\n \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 (gen sg) \u1f41 God<\/p>\n \u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd (acc sg) \u1f21 sword<\/p>\n \u1fe5\u1fc6\u03bc\u03b1 -\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc speech<\/p>\n \u03a0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f18\u03c6\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 6:17<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 12. From the Book of Revelation, a lamb that has:<\/p>\n \u2026\u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f11\u03c0\u03c4\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f40\u03c6\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f11\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac, \u03bf\u1f35 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1f70 [\u1f11\u03c0\u03c4\u1f70] \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 …<\/p>\n \u1f11\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac seven (does not decline)<\/p>\n \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 (gen sg) \u1f41 God<\/p>\n \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc horn<\/p>\n \u1f40\u03c6\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 (acc pl) \u1f41 eyes<\/p>\n \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 5:6<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-57","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":18,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/57","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/57\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":58,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/57\/revisions\/58"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/18"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/57\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=57"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=57"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=57"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}