AGE Readings 5<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
Classical Readings<\/b><\/p>\n
1. The oldest surviving script of a play in the world is Persians <\/i>by Aeschylus, originally performed in 472 BC. In 479 BC, the Greeks had scored a shocking naval victory over the Persians at the Battle of Salamis. Aeschylus himself had fought in the battle. This play dramatizes the news of this defeat reaching the Persian capital.<\/p>\n
The play begins with a chorus of old Persian men singing about the attack on Greece by the current Persian king, Xerxes. They have not yet heard the fate of the Persian forces. The Queen of Persia enters (unnamed by Aeschylus, but her name was Atossa). She is the mother of Xerxes (and wife of the previous king, Darius). The Queen reports an ominous dream. At one point in the dream:<\/p>\n
\u039e\u03ad\u03c1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1fe5\u03ae\u03b3\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u1f76 \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9.<\/p>\n
\u039e\u03ad\u03c1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 Xerxes<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03ad\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (acc pl) \u1f41 robe<\/p>\n
\u1fe5\u03ae\u03b3\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9 rip, break<\/p>\n
Aeschylus Persians <\/i>199<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
2. A couplet from Aeschylus\u2019 lost play \u1f29\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 (Daughters of the Sun) has this to say about Zeus:<\/p>\n
\u0396\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f30\u03b8\u03ae\u03c1, \u0396\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b3\u1fc6, \u0396\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b4\u2019\u03bf\u1f50\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2,<\/p>\n
\u0396\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1…<\/p>\n
\u03b1\u1f30\u03b8\u03ae\u03c1 \u2013\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 air<\/p>\n
\u03b3\u1fc6 (nom sg) \u1f21 earth<\/p>\n
\u03bf\u1f50\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 sky<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 (nom\/acc pl) \u03c4\u03cc everything<\/p>\n
\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 = a conversational particle that means <\/i>\u201creally, you know\u201d<\/p>\n
Aeschylus fr. 70<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
3. Words of encouragement from a lost play of Euripides:<\/p>\n
\u03b4\u03b9\u2019 \u1f10\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b6\u1fc6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u2019 \u1f10\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n
\u03b6\u1fc6 live! (a command)<\/p>\n
\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5 take your nourishment! (a command)<\/p>\n
Euripides Phrixus <\/i>fr. 826<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
4. In one of Plato\u2019s dialogues, conversation turns to discussion of why children can be so different from their parents. At one point, one of the participants, Protagoras, cautions that they should not yet pass judgment on two young men in the room:<\/p>\n
\u1f14\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f10\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2\u00b7 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03ac\u03c1.<\/p>\n
\u1f14\u03c4\u03b9 yet, still<\/p>\n
\u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03b9 (nom pl) \u1f41 young<\/p>\n
Plato Protagoras <\/i>328d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
5. The Athenian orators Aeschines and Demosthenes were long engaged in a bitter public feud while Philip II of Macedon was gradually taking control of Greece. Each accused the other of corruption. Here Aeschines has charged that Demosthenes lied about ambassadors being sent to Macedonia:<\/p>\n
\u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f10\u03bd \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u1fb3, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u2019 \u1f08\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9.<\/p>\n
\u1f08\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9 (dat) \u1f21 Athens<\/p>\n
\u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u1fb3 (dat sg) \u1f21 Macedonia<\/p>\n
Aeschines 2.58<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
6. From a lawsuit about an investment loan. At one point the prosecutor asks:<\/p>\n
\u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u03af \u1f21\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1;<\/p>\n
\u1f21\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd (dat pl) us<\/p>\n
\u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03bc\u03b1 \u2013\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc thing (pl.) money<\/p>\n
Demosthenes 56.32<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
7. Aristotle is discussing respiration among sea animals. Crustaceans, he says, must expel the water that they take in with their food, and:<\/p>\n
\u03c4\u1f70 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1, \u03bf\u1f37\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f35 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03b9, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ad\u03b1 \u1f00\u03c6\u03b9\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f55\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n
\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ad\u03b1 (nom\/acc pl) \u03c4\u03cc hairy (part)<\/p>\n
\u1f10\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u2013\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc fold, flap<\/p>\n
\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03b9 (nom pl) \u1f41 crab<\/p>\n
\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 (nom pl) \u1f41 crawfish<\/p>\n
\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 (nom\/acc pl) \u03c4\u03cc crustacean<\/p>\n
\u03bf\u1f37\u03bf\u03bd for example<\/p>\n
\u1f55\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1, \u1f55\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc water<\/p>\n
Aristotle 477a2-4<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
8. From a report on white bears in the region of Mysia. Whenever anyone comes near them,<\/p>\n
\u1f00\u03c6\u03b9\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c4\u03b9, \u1f61\u03c2 \u1f14\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd, \u1f43 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u1fb7 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd, \u1f61\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u2026<\/p>\n
\u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd (gen pl) \u1f41 human<\/p>\n
\u1f14\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd it seems<\/p>\n
\u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd (gen pl) \u1f41 dog<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03ac\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5 (nom\/acc sg) \u03c4\u03cc whole lot<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u1fb7 (3rd<\/sup> sg) blows<\/p>\n\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1 (nom\/acc pl) \u03c4\u03cc face<\/p>\n
\u03c6\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u2013\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc phlegm, vomit<\/p>\n
\u1f61\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 in the same way<\/p>\n
Aristotle 845a21-23<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Biblical Readings<\/b><\/p>\n
1. The Lord cautions the Israelites not to rebel against the protector he has set for them:<\/p>\n
\u03c4\u1f78 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f44\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u2019 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7.<\/p>\n
\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 my<\/p>\n
LXX Ex. 23:21<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
2. The Lord specifies how he speaks to Moses:<\/p>\n
\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7, \u1f10\u03bd \u03b5\u1f34\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03b4\u03b9\u2019 \u03b1\u1f30\u03bd\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd…<\/p>\n
\u03b1\u1f34\u03bd\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u2013\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc riddle<\/p>\n
\u03b5\u1f34\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 (dat sg) \u03c4\u03cc form, figure<\/p>\n
\u03bb\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03c9 (1st<\/sup> sg) I will speak<\/p>\nLXX Num. 12:8<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
3. Moses recounts a message sent to Sihon, requesting travel across the River Jordan and:<\/p>\n
\u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b3\u1fc6\u03bd, \u1f23\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b8\u03b5\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f21\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd.<\/p>\n
\u03b3\u1fc6\u03bd (acc sg) \u1f21 earth, land<\/p>\n
\u1f21\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd (dat pl) us<\/p>\n
\u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd our<\/p>\n
\u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 god<\/p>\n
\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 lord<\/p>\n
LXX Deut. 2:29<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
In sentences 4-7, notice that the relative pronoun has been \u201cattracted\u201d to the case of its antecedent, rather than representing the case it should be in its relative clause. When this happens, it is almost always when the antecedent is in the genitive or dative case, and the case that it is replacing is the accusative.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
4. Moses relays the Lord\u2019s blessings for the Israelites:<\/p>\n
\u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b3\u1fc6\u03c2, \u1f27\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03bd \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9…<\/p>\n
\u03b3\u1fc6\u03c2 (gen sg) \u1f21 earth, land<\/p>\n
\u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 god<\/p>\n
\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 lord<\/p>\n
\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) you<\/p>\n
\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 your<\/p>\n
LXX Deut. 4:40<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
5. Moses advises where they might hear of someone worshipping other gods:<\/p>\n
\u1f10\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u1fb7 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5, \u1f67\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03bd \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9\u2026<\/p>\n
\u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 god<\/p>\n
\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 lord<\/p>\n
\u03bc\u03b9\u1fb7 (dat sg) \u1f21 one<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (gen pl) \u1f21 city<\/p>\n
\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) you<\/p>\n
\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 your<\/p>\n
LXX Deut. 13:13<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
6. In discussing the sabbatical year, Moses again invokes the blessings that the Lord promises:<\/p>\n
\u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03b3\u1fc7, \u1f97 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03bd \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9\u2026<\/p>\n
\u03b3\u1fc7 (dat sg) \u1f21 earth, land<\/p>\n
\u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 god<\/p>\n
\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 lord<\/p>\n
\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) you<\/p>\n
\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 your<\/p>\n
LXX Deut. 15:4<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
7. Moses relays the Lord\u2019s rule that the Israelites appoint judges:<\/p>\n
\u1f10\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03bd \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b1\u1f37\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03bd \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9,<\/p>\n
\u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 god<\/p>\n
\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 lord<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 (dat pl) \u1f21 all<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd (dat pl) \u1f21 city<\/p>\n
\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) you<\/p>\n
\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 your<\/p>\n
LXX Deut. 16:18<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
8. The prophet Isaiah quotes the Lord in order to encourage King Hezekiah:<\/p>\n
\u1f30\u03b4\u03bf\u1f7a \u1f10\u03b3\u1f7c \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b9 \u1f10\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b1\u2026<\/p>\n
\u1f10\u03b3\u03ce (nom sg) I<\/p>\n
\u1f30\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd look!<\/p>\n
LXX 4 Kings 19:7<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
9. The Lord (\u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2) agrees to hand over Job to the Slanderer (\u0394\u03b9\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2):<\/p>\n
\u1f38\u03b4\u03bf\u1f7a \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1, \u2026, \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b9 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n
\u1f38\u03b4\u03bf\u1f7a \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bc\u03af \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd.<\/p>\n
\u1f30\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd look!<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 (nom\/acc pl) \u03c4\u03cc all, everything<\/p>\n
\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 (dat sg) you<\/p>\n
\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 your<\/p>\n
\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1, \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u1f21 hand<\/p>\n
LXX Job 1:12, 2:6<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
10. Mattathias encourages his sons with an example of virtue being rewarded:<\/p>\n
\u0394\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b7\u03bb \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u1f01\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7 \u1f10\u03ba \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n
\u1f01\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u2013\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f21 singularity, generosity<\/p>\n
\u1f10\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7 (3rd<\/sup> sg) was protected<\/p>\n\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u2013\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 lion<\/p>\n
LXX 1 Macc. 2:60<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
11. From a Psalm:<\/p>\n
\u03c3\u1ff6\u03c3\u03cc\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u1f10\u03ba \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2…<\/p>\n
\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u2013\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 lion<\/p>\n
\u03bc\u03b5 (acc sg) me<\/p>\n
\u03c3\u1ff6\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd save (a command)<\/p>\n
LXX Ps. 21:22<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
12. From the opening of a Psalm:<\/p>\n
\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bf\u1f56\u03c2 \u1f51\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1fe5\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u00b7<\/p>\n
\u1f00\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03be\u03c9 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u2026<\/p>\n
\u1f00\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03be\u03c9 (1st<\/sup> sg) I will open<\/p>\n\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5 lean (a command) <\/i><\/p>\n
\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 my<\/p>\n
\u03bf\u1f56\u03c2, \u1f60\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc ear<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 (dat pl) \u1f21 parable<\/p>\n
\u1fe5\u1fc6\u03bc\u03b1 \u2013\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc speech<\/p>\n
\u1f51\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd your, y\u2019all\u2019s<\/p>\n
LXX Ps. 77:1-2<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
13. The end of a Psalm:<\/p>\n
\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f41 \u03b8\u03b5\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b8\u03b5\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b1\u1f30\u1ff6\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b1\u1f30\u1ff6\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b1\u1f30\u1ff6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2\u00b7<\/p>\n
\u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6 \u1f21\u03bc\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f30\u1ff6\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n
\u03b1\u1f30\u03ce\u03bd \u2013\u1ff6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 eternity<\/p>\n
\u1f21\u03bc\u1fb6\u03c2 (acc pl) us<\/p>\n
\u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd our<\/p>\n
\u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 god<\/p>\n
\u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (mas. nom. sg.) this<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6 (3rd<\/sup> sg) shepherds<\/p>\nLXX Ps. 47:14<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
14. From a prophecy:<\/p>\n
\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u1ff6 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b1\u1f37\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd…<\/p>\n
\u1f10\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u1ff6 (1st<\/sup> sg) I will take out<\/p>\nLXX Zech. 9:7<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
15. John speaks of those becoming children of God:<\/p>\n
\u03bf\u1f33 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f10\u03be \u03b1\u1f31\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u1f10\u03ba \u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u1f10\u03ba \u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u2019 \u1f10\u03ba \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd.<\/p>\n
\u1f00\u03bd\u03ae\u03c1, \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u1f41 man<\/p>\n
\u1f10\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd (3rd<\/sup> pl) were born<\/p>\n\u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u2013\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc will<\/p>\n
\u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 (gen sg) \u1f41 god<\/p>\n
\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03be, \u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u1f21 flesh<\/p>\n
\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd 1:13<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
16. From Jesus\u2019 conversation with Nicodemus on being born again:<\/p>\n
\u03c4\u1f78 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03be \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u1fe6\u03bc\u03ac \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd.<\/p>\n
\u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd (nom\/acc sg) \u03c4\u03cc what is born<\/p>\n
\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03be, \u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u1f21 flesh<\/p>\n
\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd 1:13<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
17. Jesus the good shepherd:<\/p>\n
\u1f10\u03b3\u03ce \u03b5\u1f30\u03bc\u03b9 \u1f41 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03bd \u1f41 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2…\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f72\u03c1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n
\u1f10\u03b3\u03ce (nom sg) I<\/p>\n
\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 good, beautiful<\/p>\n
\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 my<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03bd -\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 shepherd<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (gen pl) \u03c4\u03cc sheep<\/p>\n
\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae\u03bd (acc sg) \u1f21 life, soul, breath<\/p>\n
\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd 10:14-15<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
18. Clement of Alexandria describes Jesus as the ultimate tutor and invokes the image of the good shepherd:<\/p>\n
\u1f41 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u1f74\u03bd \u1f11\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u1f72\u03c1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n
\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 good<\/p>\n
\u1f11\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 his own<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03bd -\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 shepherd<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (gen pl) \u03c4\u03cc sheep<\/p>\n
\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae\u03bd (acc sg) \u1f21 life, soul, breath<\/p>\n
Clement of Alexandria Pedagogue <\/i>1.11.97<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
19. Paul closes a section of his letter to the Romans with words on the omnipotence of God:<\/p>\n
\u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u1f10\u03be \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u2019 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u00b7 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7 \u1f21 \u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03b1 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f30\u1ff6\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2\u00b7 \u1f00\u03bc\u03ae\u03bd.<\/p>\n
\u03b1\u1f30\u03ce\u03bd \u2013\u1ff6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 eternity<\/p>\n
\u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03b1 (nom sg) \u1f21 glory<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 (nom\/acc pl) \u03c4\u03cc everything<\/p>\n
\u03a0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1fec\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 11:36<\/p>\n
Note:<\/p>\n
In sentences that lack a verb, it is almost always a good idea to supply a form of the verb \u03b5\u1f30\u03bc\u03af.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
20. Paul discusses unity:<\/p>\n
\u03b5\u1f37\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u1f78\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u1f74\u03c1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f41 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd.<\/p>\n
\u03b5\u1f37\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 one<\/p>\n
\u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 God<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd, \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc everything<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u1f41 father<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f18\u03c6\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 4:6<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-65","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":18,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/65","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/65\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/65\/revisions\/66"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/18"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/65\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=65"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=65"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=65"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}