AGE Readings 6<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
Classical Readings<\/b><\/p>\n
1. Aristotle is analyzing the techniques and strategies that someone can use in court. Here he is discussing the topic of oaths. Oaths were a regular part of ancient legal proceedings, where participants swore a sacred oath to honor a contract. This passage repeatedly refers to one or both parties to the agreement administering (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9) an oath or taking (\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd) an oath. Aristotle begins by saying that there are four possibilities for a speaker in court with respect to an oath:<\/p>\n
\u1f22 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9, \u1f22 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f22 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd, \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b4 \u0313 \u03bf\u1f54, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f22 \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f50 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03ad, \u1f22 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd, \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bf\u1f54.<\/p>\n
\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd neither<\/p>\n
\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (gen pl) these<\/p>\n
Aristotle Rhetoric <\/i>1.27-32.1377a<\/p>\n
Note:<\/p>\n
\u1f22 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd, \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b4 \u0313 \u03bf\u1f54 is adverbial, \u201cor this one but not the other\u201d (S 1111)<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
2. This passage comes from one of Plato\u2019s dramatic dialogues. Socrates has been interrogating a prophet named Euthyphro about piety and the relationship between humans and gods. Socrates has gotten Euthyphro, reluctantly, to characterize this relationship as trade or a business transaction (\u1f10\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1). Next Socrates asks:<\/p>\n
\u03c4\u03af\u03c2 \u1f21 \u1f60\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f56\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03ce\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u1f67\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u2019 \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd; \u1f03 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u1f76 \u03b4\u1fc6\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd (\u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03af)\u00b7 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f21\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1f78\u03bd \u1f45 \u03c4\u03b9 \u1f02\u03bd \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u1ff6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd. \u1f03 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u2019 \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03af \u1f60\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9; \u1f22 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03bd, \u1f65\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1f70 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u2019 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd, \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u2019 \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd;<\/p>\n
\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1f78\u03bd (nom\/acc sg) \u03c4\u03cc good<\/p>\n
\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1f70 (nom\/acc pl) \u03c4\u03cc good<\/p>\n
\u1f02\u03bd marks a hypothetical situation<\/p>\n
\u03b4\u1fc6\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd (nom\/acc sg) \u03c4\u03cc clear<\/p>\n
\u03b4\u03ce\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd (gen pl) \u03c4\u03cc gifts<\/p>\n
\u03b4\u1ff6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd ~ \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd<\/p>\n
\u1f10\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03bd (acc sg) \u1f21 business, trade, barter<\/p>\n
\u1f21\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd (dat pl) us<\/p>\n
\u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd (gen pl) us<\/p>\n
\u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 (dat pl) \u1f41 gods<\/p>\n
\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72\u03bd (nom\/acc sg) \u03c4\u03cc nothing<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 (nom\/acc pl) \u03c4\u03cc everything<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u1f76 (dat sg) \u1f41 everyone<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c9 be superior (+ gen of that which is being compared)<\/p>\n
\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03bf\u1f56\u03c3\u03b1 happen to be<\/p>\n
\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd (adverb) so much<\/p>\n
\u1f60\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 (nom sg) \u1f21 benefit<\/p>\n
\u1f60\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (3rd pl) benefit (from something)<\/p>\n
Plato Euthyphro <\/i>14e9-15a4<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Biblical Readings<\/b><\/p>\n
1. From the early history of David: After the city of Ziklag has been sacked, David and his army are searching for those who attacked the city and kidnapped many of its residents. They are heading south and find someone who helps in their search and rescue mission:<\/p>\n
(11.) \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f51\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f04\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u0391\u1f30\u03b3\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u1f00\u03b3\u03c1\u1ff7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f04\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u0394\u03b1\u03c5\u03b9\u03b4 \u1f10\u03bd \u1f00\u03b3\u03c1\u1ff7\u00b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7 \u1f04\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f14\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f55\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u00b7 (12.) \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f14\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7, \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03ce\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f04\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03ce\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f55\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f21\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cd\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. (13.) \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f36\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7 \u0394\u03b1\u03c5\u03b9\u03b4 \u03a4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u1f7a \u03b5\u1f36 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u1f36; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f36\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u0391\u1f30\u03b3\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u1f18\u03b3\u03ce \u03b5\u1f30\u03bc\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u0391\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03ba\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5…<\/p>\n
\u1f00\u03b3\u03c1\u1ff7 (dat sg) \u1f41 field<\/p>\n
\u1f04\u03b3\u03c9 lead, bring<\/p>\n
\u0391\u1f30\u03b3\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd Egyptian<\/p>\n
\u0391\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03ba\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 (gen sg) \u1f41 Amalekite (a people named for Amalek)<\/p>\n
\u1f00\u03bd\u03ae\u03c1, \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f41 man<\/p>\n
\u1f04\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd (acc sg) \u1f41 bread<\/p>\n
\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03ce\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 (3rd sg) had eaten<\/p>\n
\u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 slave<\/p>\n
\u1f10\u03b3\u03ce (nom sg) I<\/p>\n
\u03b5\u1f36\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd (3rd sg) said<\/p>\n
\u1f10\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd (3rd pl) give (something) to drink<\/p>\n
\u1f14\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd (3rd sg) ate<\/p>\n
\u1f21\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 (acc pl) \u1f21 days<\/p>\n
\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 (3rd sg) set up, restore<\/p>\n
\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u2013\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc morsel<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03c2 (gen sg) \u1f21 dried fruit<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd (nom\/acc sg) \u03c4\u03cc little child<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03ce\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 (3rd sg) had drunk<\/p>\n
\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd from where?<\/p>\n
\u03c3\u1f7a (nom sg) you<\/p>\n
\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 three<\/p>\n
\u1f55\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1, \u1f54\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc water<\/p>\n
LXX 1 Kings 30:11-13<\/p>\n
Note:<\/p>\n
\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f21\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cd\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2: Accusative of Duration of Time<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
2. From the account of Jesus\u2019 third appearance to his disciples after his death and resurrection: Jesus has appeared and guided his disciples to an enormous catch of fish. At this point, none dared to ask:<\/p>\n
\u03a3\u1f7a \u03c4\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f36; \u03b5\u1f30\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u1f41 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd. (13.) \u1f14\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f38\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f04\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f40\u03c8\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c2.<\/p>\n
\u1f04\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd (acc sg) \u1f41 bread<\/p>\n
\u03b5\u1f30\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u201cbecause they knew\u201d<\/p>\n
\u1f14\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (3rd sg) comes<\/p>\n
\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c2 (nom sg) \u1f41 lord<\/p>\n
\u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 in the same way<\/p>\n
\u1f40\u03c8\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd (nom\/acc sg) \u03c4\u03cc fish<\/p>\n
\u03c3\u1f7a (nom sg) you<\/p>\n
\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd 21:12-13<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
3. Paul urges the bishops (\u1f10\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9) at Ephesus to heed \u201cthe words of Jesus\u201d (\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f38\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6):<\/p>\n
\u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f36\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd, \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u03bc\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f22 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd.<\/p>\n
\u03b5\u1f36\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd (3rd sg) said<\/p>\n
\u03bc\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd … \u1f22 more…than<\/p>\n
\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd (nom\/acc sg) \u03c4\u03cc blessed<\/p>\n
\u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd 20:35<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-70","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":18,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/70","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/70\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/70\/revisions\/71"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/18"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/70\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=70"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=70"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=70"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}