{"id":93,"date":"2016-06-09T19:19:29","date_gmt":"2016-06-09T19:19:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/chapter\/28-other-stems-part-one\/"},"modified":"2018-01-19T11:35:25","modified_gmt":"2018-01-19T11:35:25","slug":"28-other-stems-part-one","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/chapter\/28-other-stems-part-one\/","title":{"rendered":"Third Declension Nouns: Stems in -\u03c1 and -\u03b5\u03c3"},"content":{"raw":"\n[caption id=\"attachment_895\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1024\"]\"2009.04.0321\"<\/a> Fragment of a dedicatory inscription, later re-used as a doorsill. Note the foot wear on the left side of the stone. 1st c. A.D. Athenian Agora Excavations.[\/caption]\n
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More 3rd Declension Nouns<\/strong><\/h2>\n

We have already learned how to form 3rd Declension nouns. Most of the nouns that we introduced in these lessons have stems ending in -\u03bd<\/span> (\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd<\/span>-), -\u03b4<\/span> (\u1f10\u03bb\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4<\/span>-), -\u03bd\u03c4<\/span> (\u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4<\/span>-) or -\u03ba\u03c4<\/span> (\u03bd\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4<\/span>-). In other words, these stems end in a NASAL, DENTAL, or PALATAL. In this lesson, we introduce 3rd Declension nouns that have stems ending in -\u03c1<\/span>, and -\u03b5\u03c3<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Before we look at these new nouns, let us review the 3rd Declension case endings for MASCULINE and FEMININE nouns:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nSingular<\/td>\nPlural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nominative<\/td>\n\u2013\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n\u2013\u03b5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Genitive<\/td>\n\u2013\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n\u2013\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dative<\/td>\n \u2013\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n \u2013\u03c3\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Accusative<\/td>\n\u2013\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n\u2013\u03b1\u03c2
\n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The 3rd Declension case endings for NEUTER nouns are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nSingular<\/td>\nPlural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nominative<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\n\u2013\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Genitive<\/td>\n\u2013\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n\u2013\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dative<\/td>\n\u2013\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n\u2013\u03c3\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Accusative<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\n\u2013\u03b1
\n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Stems Ending in -\u03c1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Declining most 3rd Declension nouns whose stem ends in -\u03c1<\/span> is fairly straightforward. Greek often avoids the combination -\u03c1\u03c3<\/span>-, so the -\u03c2<\/span> almost always drops from the NOMINATIVE SINGULAR (\u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c2<\/span> -\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 <\/span>is an exception to this rule).<\/p>\n

In the DATIVE PLURAL, the -\u03c3\u03b9<\/span> ending is always intact. What happens when the -\u03c1<\/span>- encounters the -\u03c3\u03b9<\/span> can vary. Many nouns simply allow the full -\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9<\/span>- combination. For example, the dative plural of \u1fe5\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03c1<\/span>, \u1fe5\u03ae\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/span> \"orator,\" is \u1fe5\u03ae\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9 <\/span>(S 259; GPH p. 11). There are, however, exceptions to this pattern.<\/p>\n

The noun \u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c2<\/span> -\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/span> drops the \u03c1 <\/span>for most Greek authors: \u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9<\/span><\/p>\n

The noun \u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1<\/span>, \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2<\/span> shortens its stem: \u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03af<\/span><\/p>\n

Note the inflections of the following common nouns, each with their own slight peculiarities:<\/p>\n

\u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c2 -\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41<\/span>, \u1f21<\/span> witness<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nSingular<\/td>\nPlural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nominative<\/td>\n\u1f21 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n\u03b1\u1f31 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Genitive<\/td>\n\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dative<\/td>\n\u03c4\u1fc7 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n\u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Accusative<\/td>\n\u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n\u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1, \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u1f21<\/span> hand<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nSingular<\/td>\nPlural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nominative<\/td>\n\u1f21 \u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1<\/span><\/td>\n\u03b1\u1f31 \u03c7\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Genitive<\/td>\n\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dative<\/td>\n\u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n\u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Accusative<\/td>\n\u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c7\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c1\u03b1<\/span><\/td>\n\u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u03c0\u1fe6\u03c1, \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc<\/span> fire<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nSingular<\/td>\n(No plural)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nominative<\/td>\n\u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u1fe6\u03c1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Genitive<\/td>\n\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dative<\/td>\n\u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03af<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Accusative<\/td>\n\u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u1fe6\u03c1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Stems Ending in -\u03b5\u03c1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

More stem and accent changes occur in noun stems ending in -\u03b5\u03c1 <\/span>(S 262). The good news is that the basic case endings do not change. The stem changes, however, do require memorization.<\/p>\n

There are four common nouns of this type (S 262; cf. GPH p. 12). As you memorize the inflections for each, note the following patterns for the first three nouns:<\/p>\n