{"id":98,"date":"2017-01-17T15:08:30","date_gmt":"2017-01-17T15:08:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/chapter\/30-reading\/"},"modified":"2018-01-19T11:35:26","modified_gmt":"2018-01-19T11:35:26","slug":"30-reading","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/chapter\/30-reading\/","title":{"rendered":"Reading Passages: Classical"},"content":{"raw":"\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Reading Passages<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assignment<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. Read the entire passage aloud in Greek.<\/p>\n<p>2. Vocabulary and commentary is provided for each sentence. For words that do not appear in the vocabulary, please use your dictionary.<\/p>\n<p>3. Translate the passage. As you translate the sentences, pay careful attention to words that go together, such as prepositional phrases and relative clauses. Breaking the sentences up into logical units&nbsp;is oftentimes a better first approach than attempting to translate all the words in succession.<\/p>\n<p>To download this assignment as a pdf, click here:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/48881\/2017\/11\/AGE-Readings-10.pdf\">AGE Readings 10<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Classical Readings<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. In his history of the Peloponnesian War (fought primarily between the \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 of Athens and Sparta), Thucydides documents the terms of a treaty made between the Spartans and the Persians in 412 BC. \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2 here always refers to the King of Persia.<\/p>\n<p>\u1f18\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b4\u03b5 \u03be\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03be\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9.<\/p>\n<p>\u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f36\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u00b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c6\u03bf\u03af\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f22 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b9, \u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03c5\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1fc7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03be\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f45\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd. \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1fc7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03be\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u00b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f22\u03bd \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u1fc7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03be\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>Thucydides 18.8<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Sentence One<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1f18\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b4\u03b5 \u03be\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03be\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1f10\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf (3rd pl) they made<\/p>\n<p>\u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 (nom pl); \u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 (dat pl) \u1f41 Spartans<\/p>\n<p>\u03be\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03bd (acc sg) \u1f21 alliance<\/p>\n<p>\u03be\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 (nom pl); \u03be\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 (dat pl) \u1f41 allies<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd (acc sg) \u1f41 Tissaphernes (the Persian official representing Persia in this treaty)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Comments:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1f10\u03c0\u1f76:&nbsp; Translating prepositions can be tricky. In this case, when \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 is used with \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b4\u03b5, it literally translates as \u201con these things,\u201d but in the sense of \u201cbased upon these things (terms).\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2: Another preposition that may initially elude translation. Use context to come up with the best meaning. What nouns does this preposition govern?<\/p>\n<p>\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76\u2026 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76: Note that here, the first \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 links two accusatives, and the second \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 two nominatives. It is not a \u201cboth\u2026and\u201d construction.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Sentence Two<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f36\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u00b7<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03b5\u1f36\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd (3rd pl) held<\/p>\n<p>\u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 let it be<\/p>\n<p>\u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bd (acc sg) \u1f21 however much, all that<\/p>\n<p>\u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd (acc sg) \u1f21 territory<\/p>\n<p><strong>Comments:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f36\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd: This is a relative clause. \u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bd&nbsp;is a relative pronoun&nbsp;that here&nbsp;functions&nbsp;as an adjective. What noun does it modify?<\/p>\n<p>\u03bf\u1f31 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2: The&nbsp;\u03bf\u1f31 that modifies \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2&nbsp;is repeated. Why?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Sentence Three<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c6\u03bf\u03af\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f22 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b9, \u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03c5\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1fc7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03be\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f45\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03b9 (nom pl); \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 (dat pl); \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (acc pl) \u1f41 Athenians<\/p>\n<p>\u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf (nom\/acc sg) \u03c4\u03cc other<\/p>\n<p>\u1f10\u03c6\u03bf\u03af\u03c4\u03b1 (3rd sg) accrued<\/p>\n<p>\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1fc7 (adv.) in common, together<\/p>\n<p>\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03c5\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (3rd pl) Let them prevent<\/p>\n<p>\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd ~ \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd<\/p>\n<p>\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd (nom\/acc sg) \u03c4\u03cc nothing<\/p>\n<p>\u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 (nom\/acc pl) \u03c4\u03cc however much, all that<\/p>\n<p>\u1f45\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 so that<\/p>\n<p>\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (gen pl) these<\/p>\n<p><strong>Comments:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c6\u03bf\u03af\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f22 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b9: This is a relative clause. \u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 is a relative pronoun&nbsp;that here&nbsp;functions&nbsp;as an adjective. What noun does it modify? Note the accent on&nbsp;\u03c4\u03b9. Is this an interrogative or indefinite pronoun?<\/p>\n<p>\u1f22: Note the accent! This is a conjunction.<\/p>\n<p>\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03c5\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd: This form is an imperative. We cover imperatives in a later chapter. For now, translate the verb as \u201cLet them prevent.\u201d The \u201cthem\u201d of this imperative is rendered in the nominative case in Greek.<\/p>\n<p>\u1f45\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2: This is a conjunction that introduces a Purpose Clause. Purpose clauses indicate the reason or purpose for which an action is done.<\/p>\n<p>\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5\u2026\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5: These negatives tend to link or join single words or clauses. What words are being linked in this sentence?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Sentence Four<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1fc7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03be\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u00b7<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd (acc sg) \u1f41 war<\/p>\n<p>\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Let them make war<\/p>\n<p><strong>Comments:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2: The \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd that modifies \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd is repeated. Why?<\/p>\n<p>\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd: As with \u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03c5\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, above, this is an imperative that translates \u201cLet them make war.\u201d The \u201cthem\u201d of this imperative is rendered in the nominative case in Greek.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Sentence Five<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f22\u03bd \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u1fc7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03be\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 (dat pl) \u1f41 both<\/p>\n<p>\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u1fc7 ~ \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6<\/p>\n<p>\u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 let it be possible<\/p>\n<p>\u1f24\u03bd ~ \u03b5\u1f30<\/p>\n<p>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u2013\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f21 truce<\/p>\n<p>\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 ~ \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd<\/p>\n<p>\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 (gen sg) \u1f41 war<\/p>\n<p><strong>Comments:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9: This verb takes a complementary infinitive.<\/p>\n<p>\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u1fc7 ~ \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6: This form of \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03ad\u03c9 is often used impersonally. The subject of an impersonal verb is not rendered in Greek, and often is too vague to render from context. Translate as \u201cit seems,\u201d or \u201cit seems best.\u201d Other common examples of impersonal verbs include \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u201cit happens,\u201d \u1f14\u03be\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u201cit is possible\/permitted,\u201d and \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6 \u201cit is clear\u201d (S 932-933). Many impersonal verbs take a dative, as here.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u2013 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n","rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\">Reading Passages<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assignment<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. Read the entire passage aloud in Greek.<\/p>\n<p>2. Vocabulary and commentary is provided for each sentence. For words that do not appear in the vocabulary, please use your dictionary.<\/p>\n<p>3. Translate the passage. As you translate the sentences, pay careful attention to words that go together, such as prepositional phrases and relative clauses. Breaking the sentences up into logical units&nbsp;is oftentimes a better first approach than attempting to translate all the words in succession.<\/p>\n<p>To download this assignment as a pdf, click here:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/48881\/2017\/11\/AGE-Readings-10.pdf\">AGE Readings 10<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Classical Readings<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. In his history of the Peloponnesian War (fought primarily between the \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 of Athens and Sparta), Thucydides documents the terms of a treaty made between the Spartans and the Persians in 412 BC. \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2 here always refers to the King of Persia.<\/p>\n<p>\u1f18\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b4\u03b5 \u03be\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03be\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9.<\/p>\n<p>\u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f36\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u00b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c6\u03bf\u03af\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f22 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b9, \u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03c5\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1fc7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03be\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f45\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd. \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1fc7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03be\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u00b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f22\u03bd \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u1fc7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03be\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>Thucydides 18.8<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Sentence One<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1f18\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b4\u03b5 \u03be\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03be\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1f10\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf (3rd pl) they made<\/p>\n<p>\u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 (nom pl); \u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 (dat pl) \u1f41 Spartans<\/p>\n<p>\u03be\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03bd (acc sg) \u1f21 alliance<\/p>\n<p>\u03be\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 (nom pl); \u03be\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 (dat pl) \u1f41 allies<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd (acc sg) \u1f41 Tissaphernes (the Persian official representing Persia in this treaty)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Comments:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1f10\u03c0\u1f76:&nbsp; Translating prepositions can be tricky. In this case, when \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 is used with \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b4\u03b5, it literally translates as \u201con these things,\u201d but in the sense of \u201cbased upon these things (terms).\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2: Another preposition that may initially elude translation. Use context to come up with the best meaning. What nouns does this preposition govern?<\/p>\n<p>\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76\u2026 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76: Note that here, the first \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 links two accusatives, and the second \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 two nominatives. It is not a \u201cboth\u2026and\u201d construction.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Sentence Two<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f36\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u00b7<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03b5\u1f36\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd (3rd pl) held<\/p>\n<p>\u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 let it be<\/p>\n<p>\u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bd (acc sg) \u1f21 however much, all that<\/p>\n<p>\u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd (acc sg) \u1f21 territory<\/p>\n<p><strong>Comments:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f36\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd: This is a relative clause. \u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bd&nbsp;is a relative pronoun&nbsp;that here&nbsp;functions&nbsp;as an adjective. What noun does it modify?<\/p>\n<p>\u03bf\u1f31 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2: The&nbsp;\u03bf\u1f31 that modifies \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2&nbsp;is repeated. Why?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Sentence Three<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c6\u03bf\u03af\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f22 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b9, \u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03c5\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1fc7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03be\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f45\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03b9 (nom pl); \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 (dat pl); \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (acc pl) \u1f41 Athenians<\/p>\n<p>\u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf (nom\/acc sg) \u03c4\u03cc other<\/p>\n<p>\u1f10\u03c6\u03bf\u03af\u03c4\u03b1 (3rd sg) accrued<\/p>\n<p>\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1fc7 (adv.) in common, together<\/p>\n<p>\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03c5\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (3rd pl) Let them prevent<\/p>\n<p>\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd ~ \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd<\/p>\n<p>\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd (nom\/acc sg) \u03c4\u03cc nothing<\/p>\n<p>\u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 (nom\/acc pl) \u03c4\u03cc however much, all that<\/p>\n<p>\u1f45\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 so that<\/p>\n<p>\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (gen pl) these<\/p>\n<p><strong>Comments:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c6\u03bf\u03af\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f22 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b9: This is a relative clause. \u1f41\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 is a relative pronoun&nbsp;that here&nbsp;functions&nbsp;as an adjective. What noun does it modify? Note the accent on&nbsp;\u03c4\u03b9. Is this an interrogative or indefinite pronoun?<\/p>\n<p>\u1f22: Note the accent! This is a conjunction.<\/p>\n<p>\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03c5\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd: This form is an imperative. We cover imperatives in a later chapter. For now, translate the verb as \u201cLet them prevent.\u201d The \u201cthem\u201d of this imperative is rendered in the nominative case in Greek.<\/p>\n<p>\u1f45\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2: This is a conjunction that introduces a Purpose Clause. Purpose clauses indicate the reason or purpose for which an action is done.<\/p>\n<p>\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5\u2026\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5: These negatives tend to link or join single words or clauses. What words are being linked in this sentence?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Sentence Four<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1fc7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03be\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u00b7<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd (acc sg) \u1f41 war<\/p>\n<p>\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Let them make war<\/p>\n<p><strong>Comments:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2: The \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd that modifies \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd is repeated. Why?<\/p>\n<p>\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd: As with \u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03c5\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, above, this is an imperative that translates \u201cLet them make war.\u201d The \u201cthem\u201d of this imperative is rendered in the nominative case in Greek.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Sentence Five<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f22\u03bd \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u1fc7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03be\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 (dat pl) \u1f41 both<\/p>\n<p>\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u1fc7 ~ \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6<\/p>\n<p>\u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 let it be possible<\/p>\n<p>\u1f24\u03bd ~ \u03b5\u1f30<\/p>\n<p>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u2013\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f21 truce<\/p>\n<p>\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 ~ \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd<\/p>\n<p>\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 (gen sg) \u1f41 war<\/p>\n<p><strong>Comments:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9: This verb takes a complementary infinitive.<\/p>\n<p>\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u1fc7 ~ \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6: This form of \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03ad\u03c9 is often used impersonally. The subject of an impersonal verb is not rendered in Greek, and often is too vague to render from context. Translate as \u201cit seems,\u201d or \u201cit seems best.\u201d Other common examples of impersonal verbs include \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u201cit happens,\u201d \u1f14\u03be\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u201cit is possible\/permitted,\u201d and \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6 \u201cit is clear\u201d (S 932-933). Many impersonal verbs take a dative, as here.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u2013 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-98","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":18,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/98","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/98\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":99,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/98\/revisions\/99"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/18"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/98\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=98"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=98"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/ancientgreek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=98"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}