{"id":185,"date":"2016-07-30T18:11:17","date_gmt":"2016-07-30T18:11:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/chapter\/quote-paraphrase-or-summarize\/"},"modified":"2018-08-02T07:19:51","modified_gmt":"2018-08-02T07:19:51","slug":"quote-paraphrase-or-summarize","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/chapter\/quote-paraphrase-or-summarize\/","title":{"rendered":"When to Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize"},"content":{"raw":"[caption id=\"attachment_181\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/07\/10-writing.png\" alt=\"a pencil inside a conversation bubble\" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-181\"> This section features advice for using sources well in your writing projects.[\/caption]If your final product is a term paper or essay, much of your writing will be devoted to:\n\n<ul><li>Reporting what others have said about your research question.<\/li><li>Convincing your audience that your answer is correct or, at least, the most reasonable answer. (Giving them evidence.)<\/li><li>Describing the situation surrounding your research question for your audience and explaining why it's important.<\/li><\/ul>To do that writing you will often use direct quotes from your sources and will paraphrase and summarize sources. But how should you choose which technique to use when?\n\n<div class=\"example\"><h3><strong>Tip:<\/strong> Citing Sources<\/h3>Remember to cite your sources when quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. See <a href=\"steps-for-citing\/\">How to Cite Sources<\/a> for details.\n\n<\/div>[caption id=\"attachment_931\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"150\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/07\/quote-150x150.png\" alt=\"quotation marks\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-931 alignright\"> &nbsp;[\/caption]<strong>Choose a direct quote<\/strong> when it is more likely to be accurate than would summarizing or paraphrasing, when what you\u2019re quoting is the text you\u2019re analyzing, when a direct quote is more concise that a summary or paraphrase would be and conciseness matters, when the author is a particular authority whose exact words would lend credence to your argument, and when the author has used particularly effective language that is just too good to pass up.\n\n<div class=\"clear-all\"><\/div><hr>[caption id=\"attachment_183\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"166\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/07\/transform.png\" alt=\"An arrow showing transformation from a black rectangle to a white rectangle.\" width=\"166\" height=\"132\" class=\"size-full wp-image-183 alignleft\"> &nbsp;[\/caption]<strong>Choose to paraphrase or summarize<\/strong> rather than to quote directly when the meaning is more important than the particular language the author used and you don\u2019t need to use the author\u2019s preeminent authority to bolster your argument at the moment.\n\n<hr><strong>Choose to paraphrase instead of summarizing<\/strong> when you need details and specificity. Paraphrasing lets you emphasize the ideas in source materials that are most related to your term paper or essay instead of the exact language the author used. It also lets you simplify complex material, sometimes rewording to use language that is more understandable to your reader.\n\n<hr>[caption id=\"attachment_928\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"140\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/07\/list-150x150.png\" alt=\"a bulleted list\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-928 alignright\"> &nbsp;[\/caption]<strong>Choose to summarize instead of paraphrasing<\/strong> when you need to provide a brief overview of a larger text. Summaries let you condense the resource material to draw out particular points, omit unrelated or unimportant points, and simplify how the author conveyed his or her message.\n\nThe OSU Writing Center has more on <a href=\"https:\/\/cstw.osu.edu\/sites\/cstw.osu.edu\/files\/SummarizingParaphrasing_0.pdf\">paraphrasing and summarizing<\/a>, including an example of how to do one of each. While you're at this site, you'll notice other helpful information available about essays and term paper construction.\n\n<div class=\"clear-all\"><\/div><div class=\"activity\"><h3><strong>Activity:<\/strong> Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize?<\/h3><a href=\"http:\/\/guides.osu.edu\/ld.php?content_id=41925010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Open activity in a web browser.<\/a>\n\n<\/div>","rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_181\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-181\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/07\/10-writing.png\" alt=\"a pencil inside a conversation bubble\" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-181\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/07\/10-writing.png 500w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/07\/10-writing-300x240.png 300w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/07\/10-writing-65x52.png 65w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/07\/10-writing-225x180.png 225w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/07\/10-writing-350x280.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-181\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">This section features advice for using sources well in your writing projects.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>If your final product is a term paper or essay, much of your writing will be devoted to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reporting what others have said about your research question.<\/li>\n<li>Convincing your audience that your answer is correct or, at least, the most reasonable answer. (Giving them evidence.)<\/li>\n<li>Describing the situation surrounding your research question for your audience and explaining why it&#8217;s important.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To do that writing you will often use direct quotes from your sources and will paraphrase and summarize sources. But how should you choose which technique to use when?<\/p>\n<div class=\"example\">\n<h3><strong>Tip:<\/strong> Citing Sources<\/h3>\n<p>Remember to cite your sources when quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. See <a href=\"steps-for-citing\/\">How to Cite Sources<\/a> for details.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_931\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-931\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/07\/quote-150x150.png\" alt=\"quotation marks\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-931 alignright\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-931\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Choose a direct quote<\/strong> when it is more likely to be accurate than would summarizing or paraphrasing, when what you\u2019re quoting is the text you\u2019re analyzing, when a direct quote is more concise that a summary or paraphrase would be and conciseness matters, when the author is a particular authority whose exact words would lend credence to your argument, and when the author has used particularly effective language that is just too good to pass up.<\/p>\n<div class=\"clear-all\"><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<figure id=\"attachment_183\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-183\" style=\"width: 166px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/07\/transform.png\" alt=\"An arrow showing transformation from a black rectangle to a white rectangle.\" width=\"166\" height=\"132\" class=\"size-full wp-image-183 alignleft\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-183\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Choose to paraphrase or summarize<\/strong> rather than to quote directly when the meaning is more important than the particular language the author used and you don\u2019t need to use the author\u2019s preeminent authority to bolster your argument at the moment.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Choose to paraphrase instead of summarizing<\/strong> when you need details and specificity. Paraphrasing lets you emphasize the ideas in source materials that are most related to your term paper or essay instead of the exact language the author used. It also lets you simplify complex material, sometimes rewording to use language that is more understandable to your reader.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<figure id=\"attachment_928\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-928\" style=\"width: 140px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/07\/list-150x150.png\" alt=\"a bulleted list\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-928 alignright\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-928\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Choose to summarize instead of paraphrasing<\/strong> when you need to provide a brief overview of a larger text. Summaries let you condense the resource material to draw out particular points, omit unrelated or unimportant points, and simplify how the author conveyed his or her message.<\/p>\n<p>The OSU Writing Center has more on <a href=\"https:\/\/cstw.osu.edu\/sites\/cstw.osu.edu\/files\/SummarizingParaphrasing_0.pdf\">paraphrasing and summarizing<\/a>, including an example of how to do one of each. While you&#8217;re at this site, you&#8217;ll notice other helpful information available about essays and term paper construction.<\/p>\n<div class=\"clear-all\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"activity\">\n<h3><strong>Activity:<\/strong> Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize?<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/guides.osu.edu\/ld.php?content_id=41925010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Open activity in a web browser.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-185","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":180,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/185\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":186,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/185\/revisions\/186"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/180"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/185\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=185"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=185"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}