{"id":83,"date":"2016-08-03T23:08:26","date_gmt":"2016-08-03T23:08:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/chapter\/sources-to-meet-needs\/"},"modified":"2018-08-02T07:19:34","modified_gmt":"2018-08-02T07:19:34","slug":"sources-to-meet-needs","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/chapter\/sources-to-meet-needs\/","title":{"rendered":"Sources to Meet Needs"},"content":{"raw":"Because there are several categories of sources (see <a href=\"categorizing-sources\/\">Types of Sources<\/a>), the options you have to meet your information needs can seem complex.\n\n<b>Our best advice is to pay attention to when only primary and secondary sources are required to meet a need and to when only professional and scholarly sources will work.<\/b> If your research project is in the arts, also pay attention to when you must use popular sources, because popular sources are often primary sources in the arts.\n\nThese descriptions and summaries of when to use what kind of source should help.\n\n<hr>[caption id=\"attachment_35\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"275\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/06\/binoculars.png\" alt=\"A pair of binoculars\" width=\"275\" height=\"182\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35\"> Get a good look at your topic through background reading.[\/caption]<h3>To Learn Background Information<\/h3>When you first get a research assignment and perhaps for a considerable time afterward, you will almost always have to learn some background information as you develop your research question and explore how to answer it.\n\nSources from any category and from any subgroup within a category - except journal articles - can meet students\u2019 need to learn background information and understand a variety of perspectives. Journal articles, are usually too specific to be background. From easy-to-understand to more complex sources, read and\/or view those that advance your knowledge and understanding.\n\nFor instance, especially while you are getting started, secondary sources that synthesize an event or work of art and tertiary sources such as guidebooks can be a big help. Wikipedia is a good tertiary source of background information.\n\nSources you use for background information don\u2019t have to be sources that you cite in your final report, although some may be.\n\n<div class=\"example\"><b>Sources to Learn Background Information<\/b>\n\n<ul><li><b>Quantitative or Qualitative:<\/b> Either\u2014whatever advances your knowledge.<\/li><li><b>Fact or Opinion:<\/b> Any\u2014whatever advances your knowledge.<\/li><li><b>Scholarly, Professional, or Popular:<\/b> Any\u2014whatever advances your knowledge.<\/li><li><b>Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary:<\/b> Any\u2014whatever advances your knowledge.<\/li><li><b>Publication Format: <\/b>Any\u2014whatever advances your knowledge.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>One important reason for finding background information is to learn the language that professionals and scholars have used when writing about your research question. That language will help you later, particularly when you\u2019re searching for sources to answer your research question.\n\nTo identify that language, you can always type the word glossary and then the discipline for which you\u2019re doing your assignment in the search engine search box.\n\nHere are two examples to try:\n\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/?gws_rd=ssl\">Glossary neuroscience<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/?gws_rd=ssl\">Glossary \u201csocial media marketing\u201d<\/a><\/li><\/ul>(Putting a phrase in quotes in most search boxes insures that the phrase will be searched rather than individual words.)\n\n<hr>[caption id=\"attachment_79\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"250\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/question.png\" alt=\"A conversation bubble with a question mark in the center\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79\"> Your research question may call for qualitative or quantitative sources.[\/caption]<h3>To Answer Your Research Question<\/h3>You have to be much pickier with sources to meet this need because only certain choices can do the job. Whether you can use quantitative or qualitative data depends on what your research question itself calls for.\n\nOnly primary and secondary sources (from the category called publication mode) can be used to answer your research question and, in addition, those need to be professional and\/or scholarly sources for most disciplines (humanities, social sciences, and sciences). But the arts often require popular sources as primary or secondary sources to answer research questions. Also, the author\u2019s purpose for most disciplines should be to educate and inform or, for the arts, to entertain and perhaps even to sell. (As you may remember, primary sources are those created at the same time as an event you are researching or that offer something original, such as an original performance or a journal article reporting original research. Secondary sources analyze or otherwise react to secondary sources. Because of the <a href=\"publication-formats-and-the-information-cycle\/\">information lifecycle<\/a>, the latest secondary sources are often the best because their creators have had time for better analysis and more information to incorporate.)\n\n<div class=\"example\"><h4><strong>Example:<\/strong> Quantitative or Qualitative Data<\/h4>Suppose your research question is \u201cHow did a a particular king of Saudi Arabia, King Abdullah, work to modernize his country?\u201d\n\nThat question may lend itself to qualitative descriptive judgments\u2014about what are considered the components of modernization, including, for instance, what were his thoughts about the place of women in society.\n\nBut it may also be helped by some quantitative data, such as those that would let you compare the numbers of women attending higher education when Abdullah became king and those attending at the time of his death or, for instance, whether manufacturing increased while he reigned.\n\nSo looking for sources that provide both quantitative and qualitative information (not necessarily in the same resource) is usually a good idea.\n\n<\/div>If it is not clear to you from the formats of sources you are assigned to read for your course, ask your professor which formats are acceptable to your discipline for answering your research question.\n\n<div class=\"example\"><b>Sources to Answer Your Research Question<\/b>\n\n<ul><li><b>Quantitative or Qualitative:<\/b> Will be determined by the question itself.<\/li><li><b>Fact or Opinion:<\/b> Professional and scholarly for most disciplines; the arts often use popular, as well.<\/li><li><b>Scholarly, Professional, or Popular:<\/b> Professional and scholarly for most disciplines; the arts often use popular, as well.<\/li><li><b>Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary:<\/b> Primary and secondary.<\/li><li><b>Publication Format:<\/b> Those acceptable to your discipline.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><hr>[caption id=\"attachment_80\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"250\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/seal-1.png\" alt=\"A seal of approval\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80\"> Sources that meet the approval of your audience will be more convincing.[\/caption]<h3>To Convince Your Audience<\/h3>Convincing your audience is similar to convincing yourself and takes the same kinds of sources\u2014as long as your audience is made up of people like you and your professor, which is often true in academic writing. That means using many of those sources you used to answer your research question.\n\nWhen your audience isn\u2019t very much like you and your professor, you can adjust your choice of sources to meet this need. Perhaps you will include more that are secondary sources rather than primary, some that are popular or professional rather than scholarly, and some whose author intent may not be to educate and inform.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<div class=\"example\"><b>Sources to Convince Your Audience<\/b>\n\n<ul><li><b>Quantitative or Qualitative Data:<\/b> Same as what you used to answer your research question if your audience is like you and your professor. (If you have a different audience, use what is convincing to them.)<\/li><li><b>Fact or Opinion:<\/b> Those with the purpose(s) you used to answer your research question if your audience is like you and your professor. (If you have a different audience, you may be better off including some sources intended to entertain or sell.)<\/li><li><b>Scholarly, Professional or Popular:<\/b> Those with the same expertise level as you used to answer the question if your audience is like you and your professor. (If you have a different audience, you may be better off including some popular.)<\/li><li><b>Publication Mode:<\/b> Primary and secondary sources if your audience is like you and your professor. If you have a different audience, you may be better off including more secondary sources than primary.<\/li><li><b>Publication Format:<\/b> Those acceptable to your discipline, if your audience is like you and your professor.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><hr>[caption id=\"attachment_81\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"250\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/hands-frame.png\" alt=\"two hands forming a viewing frame\" width=\"250\" height=\"240\" class=\"size-full wp-image-81\"> Use sources to frame the situation.[\/caption]<h3>To Describe the Situation<\/h3>Choosing what kinds of sources you\u2019ll need to meet this need is pretty simple\u2014you should almost always use what\u2019s going to be clear and compelling to your audience. Nonetheless, sources intended to educate and inform may play an out-sized role here.\n\nBut even then, they don\u2019t always have to educate and inform <em>formally<\/em>, which opens the door to using sources such as fiction or the other arts and formats that you might not use with some other information needs.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<div class=\"example\"><b>Sources to Describe the Situation<\/b>\n\n<ul><li><b>Quantitative or Qualitative:<\/b> Whatever you think will make the description most clear and compelling and your question important to your audience.<\/li><li><b>Fact or Opinion:<\/b> Often to educate and inform, but sources don\u2019t have to do that <em>formally<\/em> here, so they can also be to entertain or sell.<\/li><li><b>Scholarly, Professional, or Popular:<\/b> Whatever you think will make the description most clear and compelling and your question important to your audience.<\/li><li><b>Primary, Secondary or Tertiary:<\/b> Whatever you think will make the description most clear and compelling and your question important to your audience. Some disciplines will not accept tertiary for this need.<\/li><li><b>Publication Format:<\/b> Whatever you think will make the description most clear and compelling and your question important to your audience. Some discipline will accept only particular formats, so check for your discipline.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><hr>[caption id=\"attachment_82\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"275\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/bubbles.png\" alt=\"two conversation bubbles\" width=\"275\" height=\"198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82\"> Look for sources about how others have treated your research question.[\/caption]<h3>To Report What Others Have Said<\/h3>The choices here about kinds of sources are easy: just use the same or similar sources that you used to answer your research question that you also think will be the most convincing to your audience.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<div class=\"example\"><b>Sources to Report What Others Have Said<\/b>\n\n<ul><li><b>Quantitative or Qualitative: <\/b>Those sources that you used to answer your research question that you think will be most convincing to your audience.<\/li><li><b>Fact or Opinion:<\/b> Those sources that you used to answer your research question that you think will be most convincing to your audience.<\/li><li><b>Scholarly, Professional, or Popular:<\/b> Those sources that you used to answer your research question that you think will be most convincing to your audience.<\/li><li><b>Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary:<\/b> Those sources that you used to answer your research question that you think will be most convincing to your audience.<\/li><li><b>Publication Format:<\/b> Those sources that you used to answer your research question that you think will be most convincing to your audience.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"activity\"><h4><strong>Activity:<\/strong> Meeting Your Information Needs<\/h4><a href=\"http:\/\/guides.osu.edu\/ld.php?content_id=41522868\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Open activity in a web browser.<\/a>\n\n<\/div>","rendered":"<p>Because there are several categories of sources (see <a href=\"categorizing-sources\/\">Types of Sources<\/a>), the options you have to meet your information needs can seem complex.<\/p>\n<p><b>Our best advice is to pay attention to when only primary and secondary sources are required to meet a need and to when only professional and scholarly sources will work.<\/b> If your research project is in the arts, also pay attention to when you must use popular sources, because popular sources are often primary sources in the arts.<\/p>\n<p>These descriptions and summaries of when to use what kind of source should help.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<figure id=\"attachment_35\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-35\" style=\"width: 275px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/06\/binoculars.png\" alt=\"A pair of binoculars\" width=\"275\" height=\"182\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/06\/binoculars.png 275w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/06\/binoculars-65x43.png 65w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/06\/binoculars-225x149.png 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-35\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Get a good look at your topic through background reading.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>To Learn Background Information<\/h3>\n<p>When you first get a research assignment and perhaps for a considerable time afterward, you will almost always have to learn some background information as you develop your research question and explore how to answer it.<\/p>\n<p>Sources from any category and from any subgroup within a category &#8211; except journal articles &#8211; can meet students\u2019 need to learn background information and understand a variety of perspectives. Journal articles, are usually too specific to be background. From easy-to-understand to more complex sources, read and\/or view those that advance your knowledge and understanding.<\/p>\n<p>For instance, especially while you are getting started, secondary sources that synthesize an event or work of art and tertiary sources such as guidebooks can be a big help. Wikipedia is a good tertiary source of background information.<\/p>\n<p>Sources you use for background information don\u2019t have to be sources that you cite in your final report, although some may be.<\/p>\n<div class=\"example\"><b>Sources to Learn Background Information<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Quantitative or Qualitative:<\/b> Either\u2014whatever advances your knowledge.<\/li>\n<li><b>Fact or Opinion:<\/b> Any\u2014whatever advances your knowledge.<\/li>\n<li><b>Scholarly, Professional, or Popular:<\/b> Any\u2014whatever advances your knowledge.<\/li>\n<li><b>Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary:<\/b> Any\u2014whatever advances your knowledge.<\/li>\n<li><b>Publication Format: <\/b>Any\u2014whatever advances your knowledge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>One important reason for finding background information is to learn the language that professionals and scholars have used when writing about your research question. That language will help you later, particularly when you\u2019re searching for sources to answer your research question.<\/p>\n<p>To identify that language, you can always type the word glossary and then the discipline for which you\u2019re doing your assignment in the search engine search box.<\/p>\n<p>Here are two examples to try:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/?gws_rd=ssl\">Glossary neuroscience<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/?gws_rd=ssl\">Glossary \u201csocial media marketing\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(Putting a phrase in quotes in most search boxes insures that the phrase will be searched rather than individual words.)<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<figure id=\"attachment_79\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-79\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/question.png\" alt=\"A conversation bubble with a question mark in the center\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/question.png 250w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/question-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/question-65x65.png 65w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/question-225x225.png 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-79\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Your research question may call for qualitative or quantitative sources.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>To Answer Your Research Question<\/h3>\n<p>You have to be much pickier with sources to meet this need because only certain choices can do the job. Whether you can use quantitative or qualitative data depends on what your research question itself calls for.<\/p>\n<p>Only primary and secondary sources (from the category called publication mode) can be used to answer your research question and, in addition, those need to be professional and\/or scholarly sources for most disciplines (humanities, social sciences, and sciences). But the arts often require popular sources as primary or secondary sources to answer research questions. Also, the author\u2019s purpose for most disciplines should be to educate and inform or, for the arts, to entertain and perhaps even to sell. (As you may remember, primary sources are those created at the same time as an event you are researching or that offer something original, such as an original performance or a journal article reporting original research. Secondary sources analyze or otherwise react to secondary sources. Because of the <a href=\"publication-formats-and-the-information-cycle\/\">information lifecycle<\/a>, the latest secondary sources are often the best because their creators have had time for better analysis and more information to incorporate.)<\/p>\n<div class=\"example\">\n<h4><strong>Example:<\/strong> Quantitative or Qualitative Data<\/h4>\n<p>Suppose your research question is \u201cHow did a a particular king of Saudi Arabia, King Abdullah, work to modernize his country?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That question may lend itself to qualitative descriptive judgments\u2014about what are considered the components of modernization, including, for instance, what were his thoughts about the place of women in society.<\/p>\n<p>But it may also be helped by some quantitative data, such as those that would let you compare the numbers of women attending higher education when Abdullah became king and those attending at the time of his death or, for instance, whether manufacturing increased while he reigned.<\/p>\n<p>So looking for sources that provide both quantitative and qualitative information (not necessarily in the same resource) is usually a good idea.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>If it is not clear to you from the formats of sources you are assigned to read for your course, ask your professor which formats are acceptable to your discipline for answering your research question.<\/p>\n<div class=\"example\"><b>Sources to Answer Your Research Question<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Quantitative or Qualitative:<\/b> Will be determined by the question itself.<\/li>\n<li><b>Fact or Opinion:<\/b> Professional and scholarly for most disciplines; the arts often use popular, as well.<\/li>\n<li><b>Scholarly, Professional, or Popular:<\/b> Professional and scholarly for most disciplines; the arts often use popular, as well.<\/li>\n<li><b>Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary:<\/b> Primary and secondary.<\/li>\n<li><b>Publication Format:<\/b> Those acceptable to your discipline.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<figure id=\"attachment_80\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-80\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/seal-1.png\" alt=\"A seal of approval\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/seal-1.png 250w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/seal-1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/seal-1-65x65.png 65w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/seal-1-225x225.png 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-80\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources that meet the approval of your audience will be more convincing.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>To Convince Your Audience<\/h3>\n<p>Convincing your audience is similar to convincing yourself and takes the same kinds of sources\u2014as long as your audience is made up of people like you and your professor, which is often true in academic writing. That means using many of those sources you used to answer your research question.<\/p>\n<p>When your audience isn\u2019t very much like you and your professor, you can adjust your choice of sources to meet this need. Perhaps you will include more that are secondary sources rather than primary, some that are popular or professional rather than scholarly, and some whose author intent may not be to educate and inform.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"example\"><b>Sources to Convince Your Audience<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Quantitative or Qualitative Data:<\/b> Same as what you used to answer your research question if your audience is like you and your professor. (If you have a different audience, use what is convincing to them.)<\/li>\n<li><b>Fact or Opinion:<\/b> Those with the purpose(s) you used to answer your research question if your audience is like you and your professor. (If you have a different audience, you may be better off including some sources intended to entertain or sell.)<\/li>\n<li><b>Scholarly, Professional or Popular:<\/b> Those with the same expertise level as you used to answer the question if your audience is like you and your professor. (If you have a different audience, you may be better off including some popular.)<\/li>\n<li><b>Publication Mode:<\/b> Primary and secondary sources if your audience is like you and your professor. If you have a different audience, you may be better off including more secondary sources than primary.<\/li>\n<li><b>Publication Format:<\/b> Those acceptable to your discipline, if your audience is like you and your professor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<figure id=\"attachment_81\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-81\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/hands-frame.png\" alt=\"two hands forming a viewing frame\" width=\"250\" height=\"240\" class=\"size-full wp-image-81\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/hands-frame.png 250w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/hands-frame-65x62.png 65w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/hands-frame-225x216.png 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-81\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Use sources to frame the situation.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>To Describe the Situation<\/h3>\n<p>Choosing what kinds of sources you\u2019ll need to meet this need is pretty simple\u2014you should almost always use what\u2019s going to be clear and compelling to your audience. Nonetheless, sources intended to educate and inform may play an out-sized role here.<\/p>\n<p>But even then, they don\u2019t always have to educate and inform <em>formally<\/em>, which opens the door to using sources such as fiction or the other arts and formats that you might not use with some other information needs.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"example\"><b>Sources to Describe the Situation<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Quantitative or Qualitative:<\/b> Whatever you think will make the description most clear and compelling and your question important to your audience.<\/li>\n<li><b>Fact or Opinion:<\/b> Often to educate and inform, but sources don\u2019t have to do that <em>formally<\/em> here, so they can also be to entertain or sell.<\/li>\n<li><b>Scholarly, Professional, or Popular:<\/b> Whatever you think will make the description most clear and compelling and your question important to your audience.<\/li>\n<li><b>Primary, Secondary or Tertiary:<\/b> Whatever you think will make the description most clear and compelling and your question important to your audience. Some disciplines will not accept tertiary for this need.<\/li>\n<li><b>Publication Format:<\/b> Whatever you think will make the description most clear and compelling and your question important to your audience. Some discipline will accept only particular formats, so check for your discipline.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<figure id=\"attachment_82\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-82\" style=\"width: 275px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/navegarvela\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/bubbles.png\" alt=\"two conversation bubbles\" width=\"275\" height=\"198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/bubbles.png 275w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/bubbles-65x47.png 65w, https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2016\/08\/bubbles-225x162.png 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-82\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Look for sources about how others have treated your research question.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>To Report What Others Have Said<\/h3>\n<p>The choices here about kinds of sources are easy: just use the same or similar sources that you used to answer your research question that you also think will be the most convincing to your audience.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"example\"><b>Sources to Report What Others Have Said<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Quantitative or Qualitative: <\/b>Those sources that you used to answer your research question that you think will be most convincing to your audience.<\/li>\n<li><b>Fact or Opinion:<\/b> Those sources that you used to answer your research question that you think will be most convincing to your audience.<\/li>\n<li><b>Scholarly, Professional, or Popular:<\/b> Those sources that you used to answer your research question that you think will be most convincing to your audience.<\/li>\n<li><b>Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary:<\/b> Those sources that you used to answer your research question that you think will be most convincing to your audience.<\/li>\n<li><b>Publication Format:<\/b> Those sources that you used to answer your research question that you think will be most convincing to your audience.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"activity\">\n<h4><strong>Activity:<\/strong> Meeting Your Information Needs<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/guides.osu.edu\/ld.php?content_id=41522868\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Open activity in a web browser.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-83","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":75,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/83","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/83\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":84,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/83\/revisions\/84"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/75"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/83\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=83"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=83"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=83"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/choosingsources\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=83"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}