{"id":19,"date":"2016-08-26T20:07:10","date_gmt":"2016-08-26T20:07:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/front-matter\/first-preliminary-lesson\/"},"modified":"2016-08-26T20:07:10","modified_gmt":"2016-08-26T20:07:10","slug":"first-preliminary-lesson","status":"publish","type":"front-matter","link":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/front-matter\/first-preliminary-lesson\/","title":{"rendered":"First Preliminary Lesson"},"content":{"raw":"\n
\n

Pronunciation of Brazilian Portuguese<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n

Learning Objectives- Objetivos da Li\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • In the following discussion of the sounds of Brazilian Portuguese we will use phonetic symbols for the purpose of orientation and reference. In all other cases, however, your learning will proceed from the usual written form of the word. This makes for certain difficulties in learning Portuguese.<\/li>\n
  • Ideally, spelling should always follow pronunciation in any language, since, after all, letters are merely a method of making a written record of the spoken word. But many languages fall short of this ideal. Spanish is very good in this respect: you can look at a word and almost without exception you know exactly how it is pronounced. English, on the other hand, is notoriously difficult, since it often spells the same sound in many ways (the vowel in da<\/strong>te<\/em>, frei<\/strong>ght<\/em>, bai<\/strong>t<\/em>, say) and spells different sounds in the same way (though<\/strong><\/em>, through<\/strong><\/em>, cough<\/strong><\/em>, hiccough<\/strong><\/em>).<\/li>\n
  • In Portuguese there are some, though not many, of these same difficulties. As you will see in a moment, the traditional orthography does not indicate all the significant sounds with 100 per cent accuracy. You will see statements such as \"Portuguese \u00e9<\/strong> is like the English e<\/em><\/strong> in bet<\/strong><\/em>.\" This comparison is meant to be only a rough approximation to suggest the general nature of the Portuguese sound in question for your beginning stages. This does not by any means imply that the sound is the same in the two languages.<\/li>\n
  • Dialectal variation in Brazilian Portuguese allows for varied pronunciations of both vowels and consonants, especially with regard to the sequences di\/de<\/strong>ti\/te<\/strong> and s<\/strong> and z<\/strong> <\/strong>in syllable final position. The pronunciation presented below is a neutral Southeastern one, typical in states such as S\u00e3o Paulo or Minas Gerais.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n

    Vowels- As vogais<\/h2>\n

    Brazilian Portuguese has seven basic (oral) vowel sounds.<\/p>\n

    1.1 [a]<\/strong> the \"front a,\" the most common sound represented by the letter a<\/strong>. Similar to the a <\/em><\/strong>of fa<\/strong>ther<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    h\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\nm\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    c\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\np\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    l\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\nv\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    d\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\nch\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    [\u0250<\/span>]<\/strong> the \"central a,\" which occurs in unstressed<\/strong> syllables<\/strong>. Similar to the English sound o <\/strong><\/em>in mo<\/strong>ney<\/em> or so<\/strong>me.<\/strong><\/em> Note the sound [\u0250<\/span>]<\/strong> in the final syllable of the following words.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    nada<\/strong><\/td>\nvaca<\/strong><\/td>\ncama<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    mala<\/strong><\/td>\nbala<\/strong><\/td>\ndama<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    fala<\/strong><\/td>\ncasa<\/strong><\/td>\nfulana<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    dava<\/strong><\/td>\nsala<\/strong><\/td>\nmanha<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    1.2 [i]<\/strong> the \"high front\" vowel, usually spelled i. Similar to English i<\/em><\/strong> in machi<\/strong>ne<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    si<\/strong><\/td>\nti<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    vi<\/strong><\/td>\nti<\/strong>ti<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ti<\/strong><\/td>\ni<\/strong>da<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    li<\/strong><\/td>\nfi<\/strong>la<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    mi<\/strong>mi<\/strong><\/td>\nfi<\/strong>ta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    In unstressed final syllables (and occasionally elsewhere), this same sound [i] <\/strong>is also spelled e<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    ide<\/strong><\/td>\ntive<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    bife<\/strong><\/td>\ndesfile<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    disse<\/strong><\/td>\nlimite<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    1.3 [u]<\/strong> the \"high back\" vowel, usually spelled u<\/strong>. Similar to English oo<\/em><\/strong> in too<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    tu<\/strong><\/td>\ntu<\/strong>tu<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    nu<\/strong><\/td>\ncru<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    lu<\/strong>lu<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    In unstressed final syllables (and occasionally elsewhere), this same sound [u]<\/strong> is also spelled o<\/strong>. This means that all words, that end in unstressed o<\/strong> one of the most frequently endings in Portuguese, will be end with the [u] <\/strong>sound.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    mudo<\/strong><\/td>\nluto<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    tudo<\/strong><\/td>\nsuco<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    subo<\/strong><\/td>\nuso<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    1.4 [e<\/strong>] the \"closed e,\" sometimes spelled \u00ea<\/strong> but more often e<\/strong>. Similar to English pronunciation of the second \u00e9<\/em> <\/strong>in r\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    d\u00ea<\/strong><\/td>\nbeb\u00ea<\/strong><\/td>\ntre<\/strong>ze<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    l\u00ea<\/strong><\/td>\ncr\u00ea<\/strong><\/td>\nvoc\u00ea<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    v\u00ea<\/strong><\/td>\nque<\/b><\/td>\nm\u00ea<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    s\u00ea<\/strong><\/td>\ne<\/strong>le<\/td>\nse<\/strong>de [thirst<\/em>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    1.5 [o]<\/strong> the \"closed o,\" sometimes spelled \u00f4<\/strong> but more often simply o<\/strong>. Similar to English o<\/strong><\/em> in o<\/strong>pen<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
     vo<\/strong>v\u00f4<\/strong><\/td>\ndo<\/strong>r<\/td>\no<\/strong>vo<\/td>\nno<\/strong>vo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    so<\/strong>b<\/td>\nbo<\/strong>bo<\/td>\npo<\/strong>vo<\/td>\nv\u00f4<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    p\u00f4<\/strong>s<\/td>\nfo<\/strong>fo<\/td>\nfo<\/strong>go<\/td>\nmo<\/strong>\u00e7o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    co<\/strong>r<\/td>\nto<\/strong>do<\/td>\no<\/strong>sso<\/td>\nlo<\/strong>go<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    1.6 [\u025b]<\/strong> the \"open e,\" sometimes spelled \u00e9<\/strong> but more often simply e<\/strong>. Similar to English e<\/strong><\/em> in be<\/strong>t <\/em>or the first \u00e9 <\/em><\/strong>in r\u00e9<\/strong>sum\u00e9<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\nZ\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\nse<\/strong>te<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    p\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\ncaf\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\nse<\/strong>de [headquarters<\/em>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    f\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\nne<\/strong>ta<\/td>\ne<\/strong>la<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    1.7 [\u0254]<\/strong> the \"open o,\" sometimes spelled \u00f3<\/strong> but more often simply o<\/strong>. Similar to English aw<\/em><\/strong> in law<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    d\u00f3<\/strong><\/td>\ns\u00f3<\/strong><\/td>\no<\/strong>va<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    n\u00f3<\/strong><\/td>\nav\u00f3<\/strong><\/td>\nno<\/strong>ta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    p\u00f3<\/strong><\/td>\nn\u00f3<\/strong>s<\/td>\nvo<\/strong>lta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    Nasals- As vogais nasais<\/h2>\n

    In Portuguese the vowels a<\/strong>, e<\/strong>, i<\/strong>, o<\/strong>, u<\/strong> may also occur nasalized. The nasalization is indicated in one of three ways: by m<\/strong> or n<\/strong> after the vowel or by the til (\u02dc<\/strong>) over it. The letter m<\/strong> is used at the end of a word and before p<\/strong> and b<\/strong>; n<\/strong> is used in other places.<\/p>\n

    2.1 [\u0250\u0342]<\/strong> nasalized \"central a,\" spelled am<\/strong>, an<\/strong>, or \u00e3<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    l\u00e3<\/strong><\/td>\nma\u00e7\u00e3<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    s\u00e3<\/strong><\/td>\nsa<\/strong>mba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    f\u00e3<\/strong><\/td>\nta<\/strong>nta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    c\u00e3<\/strong><\/td>\nca<\/strong>nsa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    2.2 [e\u0342]<\/strong> nasalized \"close e,\" spelled em<\/strong> or en<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    pen<\/strong>so<\/td>\ncen<\/strong>to<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    den<\/strong>so<\/td>\nven<\/strong>do<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    len<\/strong>\u00e7o<\/td>\ntem<\/strong>po<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    sen<\/strong>so<\/td>\nden<\/strong>te<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ven<\/strong>\u00e7o<\/td>\nsem<\/strong>pre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ten<\/strong>s\u00e3o<\/td>\nlen<\/strong>ha<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    2.3 [\u0129]<\/strong> nasalized \"high front i,\" spelled im<\/strong> or in<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    fim<\/strong><\/td>\nassim<\/strong><\/td>\ncin<\/strong>ta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    sim<\/strong><\/td>\nlatim<\/strong><\/td>\ncin<\/strong>za<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    mim<\/strong><\/td>\npudim<\/strong><\/td>\ntrin<\/strong>ta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    gim<\/strong><\/td>\nlin<\/strong>da<\/td>\nrim<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    vim<\/strong><\/td>\nlim<\/strong>pa<\/td>\nquin<\/strong>dim<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    2.4 [\u00f5]<\/strong> nasalized \"closed o,\" spelled om<\/strong>, on<\/strong>, or \u00f5<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    com<\/strong><\/td>\ntom<\/strong><\/td>\nfon<\/strong>te<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    dom<\/strong><\/td>\nbatom<\/strong><\/td>\ncon<\/strong>ta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    bom<\/strong><\/td>\non<\/strong>ze<\/td>\nmon<\/strong>te<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    som<\/strong><\/td>\non<\/strong>\u00e7a<\/td>\nbom<\/strong>bom<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    2.5 [\u0169<\/span>]<\/strong> nasalized \"high back u,\" spelled um<\/strong> or un<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    um<\/strong><\/td>\ncomum<\/strong><\/td>\nfun<\/strong>do<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    num<\/strong><\/td>\nnun<\/strong>ca<\/td>\nfun<\/strong>go<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    zun<\/strong>zum<\/strong><\/td>\ntum<\/strong>ba<\/td>\nassun<\/strong>to<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    algum<\/strong><\/td>\njun<\/strong>to<\/td>\nbum<\/strong>bum<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    Diphthongs- Os ditongos<\/h2>\n

    Oral diphthongs- Os ditongos orais<\/h3>\n

    A diphthong is a combination of two vowel sounds. The follow vowel combinations constitute the 11 different pronunciations of the 8 oral diphthongs in Portuguese: ai<\/strong>, au<\/strong>, ei<\/strong>, eu<\/strong>, oi<\/strong>, ou<\/strong>, iu<\/strong>, and ui<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    3.1 [ai]<\/strong> spelled ai<\/strong>. Similar to the English i<\/em> <\/strong>in i<\/strong>ce<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    pai<\/strong><\/td>\nsai<\/strong>ba<\/td>\npassai<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    vai<\/strong><\/td>\nfalai<\/strong><\/td>\nai<\/strong>po<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    cai<\/strong><\/td>\nlevai<\/strong><\/td>\nlai<\/strong>co<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    3.2 [au]<\/strong> spelled au<\/strong>. Similar to the English ow<\/em> <\/strong>in cow<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    mau<\/strong><\/td>\nvau<\/strong><\/td>\nau<\/strong>to<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    pau<\/strong><\/td>\npau<\/strong>ta<\/td>\nMacau<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    nau<\/strong><\/td>\ncau<\/strong>da<\/td>\ncau<\/strong>sa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    3.3 [ei<\/strong>] spelled ei<\/strong>. Similar to the English ai<\/em> <\/strong>in fai<\/strong>th<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    mei<\/strong>ga<\/td>\nfei<\/strong>ra<\/td>\nsei<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    tei<\/strong>ma<\/td>\nhei<\/strong><\/td>\ndei<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    fei<\/strong>to<\/td>\nlei<\/strong><\/td>\nMadei<\/strong>ra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    3.4 [\u03b5i]<\/strong> spelled \u00e9i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n
    pap\u00e9is<\/strong><\/td>\nhot\u00e9is<\/strong><\/td>\nton\u00e9is<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    an\u00e9is<\/strong><\/td>\npinc\u00e9is<\/strong><\/td>\ncord\u00e9is<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    3.5 [eu]<\/strong> spelled eu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    eu<\/strong><\/td>\nseu<\/strong><\/td>\nmuseu<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    deu<\/strong><\/td>\nteu<\/strong><\/td>\nmeu<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    leu<\/strong><\/td>\ntemeu<\/strong><\/td>\nadeu<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    3.6 [\u03b5u]<\/strong> spelled \u00e9u<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    c\u00e9u<\/strong><\/td>\nchap\u00e9u<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    v\u00e9u<\/strong><\/td>\ntrof\u00e9u<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    l\u00e9u<\/strong><\/td>\nr\u00e9u<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    3.7 [oi] <\/strong>spelled oi<\/strong>. Similar to the English oi<\/strong> <\/em>in moi<\/strong>st<\/em> or hoi<\/strong>st<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    boi<\/strong><\/td>\nsoi<\/strong>s<\/td>\nnoi<\/strong>vo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    foi<\/strong><\/td>\noi<\/strong>to<\/td>\ndoi<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    poi<\/strong>s<\/td>\ndoi<\/strong>do<\/td>\nfoi<\/strong>ce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    3.8 [\u0254i]<\/strong> spelled \u00f3i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    m\u00f3i<\/strong><\/td>\ns\u00f3i<\/strong>s<\/td>\nanz\u00f3i<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    d\u00f3i<\/strong><\/td>\nj\u00f3i<\/strong>a<\/td>\nlen\u00e7\u00f3i<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    dod\u00f3i<\/strong><\/td>\nb\u00f3i<\/strong>a<\/td>\nfar\u00f3i<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    her\u00f3i<\/strong><\/td>\nespanh\u00f3i<\/strong>s<\/td>\njib\u00f3i<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    3.9 [ou]<\/strong> spelled o<\/strong>u. For many speakers ou<\/strong> denotes merely a \"closed o\" [o] <\/strong>as in the English oh<\/em><\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    ou<\/strong><\/td>\nvou<\/strong><\/td>\nfalou<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    dou<\/strong><\/td>\nou<\/strong>tro<\/td>\nlevou<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    sou<\/strong><\/td>\nsou<\/strong>be<\/td>\nusou<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    3.10 [iu]<\/strong> spelled iu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    viu<\/strong><\/td>\npediu<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    saiu<\/strong><\/td>\nsubiu<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    caiu<\/strong><\/td>\ndecidiu<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    3.11  [ui]<\/strong> spelled ui<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    fui<\/strong><\/td>\npossui<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ui<\/strong>vo<\/td>\nconclui<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    cui<\/strong>do<\/td>\nazui<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    Nasal diphthongs- Os ditongos nasais<\/h3>\n

    There are five nasal diphthongs in Brazilian Portuguese. Nasalization is indicated by m<\/strong> after the vowel or by the til (\u02dc<\/strong>) placed over the first vowel of the diphthong. Both elements of the diphthong are nasalized.<\/p>\n

    4.1   [\u0250\u0303\u0169\/\u0250\u0303w<\/strong>] spelled \u00e3o<\/strong> or am<\/strong>. In unstressed position, the intensity of the nasality is slightly reduced.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    h\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\nt\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\nfalam<\/strong><\/td>\npassam<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    n\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\np\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\ntocam<\/strong><\/td>\nsab\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    s\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\nv\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\nficam<\/strong><\/td>\nfog\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    d\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\nc\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\nlevam<\/strong><\/td>\nmam\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    4.2 [e\u0342\u0129<\/strong>] spelled em<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    nem<\/strong><\/td>\ntem<\/strong><\/td>\nquem<\/strong><\/td>\ntamb\u00e9m<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    bem<\/strong><\/td>\nvem<\/strong><\/td>\nal\u00e9m<\/strong><\/td>\nref\u00e9m<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    cem<\/strong><\/td>\nnuvem<\/strong><\/td>\nviagem<\/strong><\/td>\nse<\/strong>m<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    4.3 [\u0250\u0303\u0129]<\/strong> spelled \u00e3e<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    m\u00e3e<\/strong><\/td>\ncapit\u00e3e<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    c\u00e3e<\/strong>s<\/td>\nalem\u00e3e<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    p\u00e3e<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    4.4 [\u00f5\u0129] <\/strong>spelled \u00f5e<\/strong>. Similar to the oi <\/strong>in the English oi<\/strong>nk <\/em>or boi<\/strong>ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    p\u00f5e<\/strong><\/td>\nbot\u00f5e<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    op\u00f5e<\/strong><\/td>\nmel\u00f5e<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    sup\u00f5e<\/strong><\/td>\nbalc\u00f5e<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    comp\u00f5e<\/strong><\/td>\nli\u00e7\u00f5e<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    4.5   [\u0169\u0129]<\/strong> This nasal diphthong occurs only in one Portuguese word (muito<\/strong>) and its variations. Note that the spelling does not indicate nasalization.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n
    mui<\/strong>to<\/td>\nm<\/span>ui<\/strong>tos<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    m<\/span>ui<\/strong>ta<\/span><\/td>\nm<\/span>ui<\/strong>tas<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    4.6 Combinations of vowels other than those listed above do not<\/strong> constitute diphthongs in Portuguese.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    dieta (di-e-ta)<\/td>\n\u00f3leo (\u00f3-le-o)<\/td>\nteatro (te-a-tro)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Caetano (Ca-e-ta-no)<\/td>\nMaria (Ma-ri-a)<\/td>\nsueco (su-e-co)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    miolo (mi-o-lo)<\/td>\ndiabo (di-a-bo)<\/td>\nrua (ru-a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    Consonants- As consoantes<\/h2>\n

    5.1 [p]<\/strong> voiceless bilabial stop, spelled p<\/strong>. Similar to English p<\/strong><\/em> in p<\/strong>ine<\/em> but without aspiration (extra air that accompanies initial voiceless stops (p, t, k)<\/strong> <\/em>sounds in English).<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    p<\/strong>ap<\/strong>ai<\/td>\np<\/strong>iano<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    p<\/strong>amp<\/strong>a<\/td>\np<\/strong>alp<\/strong>ita<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    limp<\/strong>o<\/td>\np<\/strong>oup<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    5.2 [b]<\/strong> voiced bilabial stop, spelled b<\/strong>. Similar to English b<\/strong><\/em> in b<\/strong>et<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    b<\/strong>a\u00eda<\/td>\nb<\/strong>em-b<\/strong>om<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    b<\/strong>eb<\/strong>\u00ea<\/td>\nb<\/strong>omb<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    b<\/strong>ife<\/td>\nB<\/strong>\u00edb<\/strong>lia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    5.3 [t]<\/strong> voiceless dental stop, spelled t<\/strong>. Similar to English t<\/strong><\/em> in t<\/strong>ime<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    t<\/strong>at<\/strong>eia<\/td>\nt<\/strong>ant<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    t<\/strong>et<\/strong>o<\/td>\nat<\/strong>ent<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    t<\/strong>est<\/strong>a<\/td>\nT<\/strong>\u00f3quio<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    t<\/strong>ot<\/strong>al<\/td>\nmat<\/strong>ut<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    [t]<\/strong> before [i] <\/strong>spelled either i<\/strong> or e<\/strong> is pronounced by many Brazilians as a voiceless affricate [t\u222b]<\/strong>, similar to the ch<\/strong> of the English word ch<\/strong>ief.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    t<\/strong>ime<\/td>\nt<\/strong>ios<\/td>\npart<\/strong>e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    t<\/strong>igre<\/td>\nnordest<\/strong>e<\/td>\n\u00f3t<\/strong>imo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    t<\/strong>eatro<\/td>\npresent<\/strong>e<\/td>\ncontent<\/strong>e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    5.4 [d]<\/strong> voiced dental stop, spelled d<\/strong>. Similar to English d<\/em><\/strong> in d<\/strong>ate<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    d<\/strong>ali<\/td>\nd<\/strong>uelo<\/td>\npod<\/strong>er<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    d<\/strong>ed<\/strong>o<\/td>\nd<\/strong>esenho<\/td>\nvend<\/strong>er<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    d<\/strong>omingo<\/td>\nd<\/strong>\u00f3lar<\/td>\nmord<\/strong>er<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    [d]<\/strong> before [i] <\/strong>spelled either i<\/strong> or e<\/strong> is pronounced by many Brazilians as [d\u0292]<\/strong>, similar to the j <\/strong><\/em>or the dg<\/strong><\/em> of the English word j<\/strong>udg<\/strong>e<\/em><\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    d<\/strong>ia<\/td>\nD<\/strong>inamarca<\/td>\nverdad<\/strong>e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    d<\/strong>i\u00e1logo<\/td>\nd<\/strong>isciplina<\/td>\npod<\/strong>e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    D<\/strong>iogo<\/td>\ntard<\/strong>e<\/td>\nd<\/strong>e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    5.5 [k]<\/strong> voiceless velar stop, spelled c,<\/strong> -qu<\/strong>. Similar to English k<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n
    c<\/strong>ada<\/td>\nc<\/strong>lasse<\/td>\nqu<\/strong>em<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    c<\/strong>arioca<\/td>\naqu<\/strong>i<\/td>\nqu<\/strong>er<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    5.5a   [ks]<\/strong> voiceless velar stop, spelled x<\/strong>. Similar to the x<\/em><\/strong> in the English tax<\/strong>i.<\/em><\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n
    reflex<\/strong>o<\/td>\nt\u00e1x<\/strong>i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    t\u00f3x<\/strong>ico<\/td>\ncomplex<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    5.6 [g]<\/strong> voiced velar stop, spelled g<\/strong>, gu<\/strong>. Similar to English g<\/strong><\/em> in g<\/strong>ate<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n
    g<\/strong>ato<\/td>\nalg<\/strong>um<\/td>\n\u00e1g<\/strong>ua<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    alg<\/strong>o<\/td>\n\u00e1g<\/strong>uia<\/td>\neng<\/strong>ana<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    5.7 [f]<\/strong> voiceless labio-dental fricative, spelled f<\/strong>. Similar to English f<\/strong><\/em> in f<\/strong>ate<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    f<\/strong>ome<\/td>\naf<\/strong>ora<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    f<\/strong>ogo<\/td>\nf<\/strong>oguete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    f<\/strong>luido<\/td>\ndef<\/strong>endo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    5.8 [v]<\/strong> voiced labio-dental fricative, spelled v<\/strong>. Similar to English v<\/strong><\/em> in v<\/strong>ein<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    v<\/b>aca<\/td>\nv<\/strong>ov<\/strong>\u00f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    av<\/strong>endia<\/td>\nv<\/strong>ento<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    env<\/b>olv<\/strong>er<\/td>\nv<\/strong>oc\u00ea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    env<\/strong>ia<\/td>\nv<\/strong>aiv<\/strong>\u00e9m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    5.9 [m]<\/strong> voiced bilabial nasal (when syllable initial), spelled m<\/strong>. Similar to English m<\/strong><\/em> in m<\/strong>ad. <\/em>Remember when m<\/strong> is syllable final it indicates nasality in the vowel that precedes it.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    m<\/strong>ais<\/td>\nm<\/strong>im<\/strong>oso<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    m<\/strong>am<\/strong>\u00e3e<\/td>\nm<\/strong>im<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    m<\/strong>o\u00e7o<\/td>\nm<\/strong>anga<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    5.10 [n]<\/strong> voiced dental nasal (when syllable initial), spelled n<\/strong>. Similar to English n<\/strong><\/em> in n<\/strong>ot<\/em>. Remember when n<\/strong> is syllable final it indicates nasality in the vowel that precedes it.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n
    n<\/strong>on<\/strong>o<\/td>\nn<\/strong>en<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    n<\/strong>ingu\u00e9m<\/td>\nn<\/strong>unca<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    5.11 [\u0272]<\/strong> voiced palatal nasal, spelled nh<\/strong>. Similar to English ni<\/strong><\/em> in oni<\/strong>on<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    banh<\/strong>o<\/td>\nminh<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    sonh<\/strong>o<\/td>\nmanh<\/strong>\u00e3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    tenh<\/strong>o<\/td>\nmontanh<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    venh<\/strong>o<\/td>\nnenh<\/strong>um<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ganh<\/strong>ar<\/td>\nvinh<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    5.12 [s]<\/strong> voiceless dental sibilant, spelled s<\/strong>, ss<\/strong>, sc<\/strong>, and c<\/strong> (before e<\/strong>, i<\/strong>), sc<\/strong> and \u00e7<\/strong> (before o<\/strong>, a<\/strong>, u<\/strong>), xc<\/strong>, x<\/strong>. Similar to English s<\/strong><\/em> in s<\/strong>at<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    s<\/strong>ala<\/td>\ndes\u00e7<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    cans<\/strong>a<\/td>\nfa\u00e7<\/strong>amos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    poss<\/strong>o<\/td>\nexc<\/strong>ess<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    pisc<\/strong>ina<\/td>\ntroux<\/strong>e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    c<\/strong>inema<\/td>\nm\u00e1x<\/strong>imo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    5.13 [z]<\/strong> voiced dental sibilant, spelled z<\/strong>, s<\/strong>, x<\/strong>. Similar to English z<\/strong> <\/em>in z<\/strong>one<\/em>. Z<\/strong> is always pronounced this way. S <\/strong>is pronounced this way when it appears between two vowels.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    z<\/strong>anga<\/td>\nprecis<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    az<\/strong>ul<\/td>\nex<\/strong>ame<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    d\u00faz<\/strong>ia<\/td>\nex<\/strong>emplo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    cas<\/strong>a<\/td>\n\u00eax<\/strong>ito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    5.14 [\u222b<\/strong>] voiceless palatal sibilant, spelled ch<\/strong> or x<\/strong>. Similar to English sh<\/strong><\/em> in sh<\/strong>ow<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    ch<\/strong>amo<\/td>\nrox<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ach<\/strong>o<\/td>\nx<\/strong>am\u00e3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    x<\/strong>\u00edcara<\/td>\nch<\/strong>ave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    deix<\/strong>a<\/td>\nlix<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    abacax<\/strong>i<\/td>\nch<\/strong>uva<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    5.15 [\u0292]<\/strong> voiced palatal sibilant, spelled j<\/strong>, g<\/strong> (before e<\/strong>, i<\/strong>) Similar to English s<\/strong><\/em> in treas<\/strong>ure.<\/em><\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    g<\/strong>ente<\/td>\nhoj<\/strong>e<\/td>\nigrej<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    g<\/strong>elo<\/td>\nj<\/strong>anela<\/td>\nTej<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    g<\/strong>iro<\/td>\nj<\/strong>ardim<\/td>\nfeij<\/strong>\u00e3o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    5.16 [l]<\/strong> voiced dental lateral, spelled l<\/strong>. At the beginning of a syllable, l<\/strong> is a sound like English l<\/em> <\/strong>in l<\/em><\/strong>eap<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    l<\/strong>ado<\/td>\nl<\/strong>eite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    al<\/strong>em\u00e3o<\/td>\nl<\/strong>im\u00e3o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    bel<\/strong>o<\/td>\nl<\/strong>ogo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    ***At the end of a syllable, l<\/strong> is like English w<\/strong> at the end of a word, a semi-vowel, as in the words caw<\/strong>, few<\/strong>, mow<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    mal<\/strong><\/td>\nmel<\/strong><\/td>\nsol<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Portugal<\/strong><\/td>\nBrasil<\/strong><\/td>\ncal<\/strong>vo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    anel<\/strong><\/td>\nf\u00e1cil<\/strong><\/td>\nazul<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    fil<\/strong>me<\/td>\ncal<\/strong>mo<\/td>\nAnsel<\/strong>mo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    5.17 [\u028e] <\/strong>voiced palatal lateral, spelled lh<\/strong>. Similar to English ll<\/strong><\/em> in mill<\/strong>ion<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    velh<\/strong>o<\/td>\nolh<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    bilh<\/strong>ete<\/td>\ntoalh<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    filh<\/strong>o<\/td>\nvalh<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    5.18 [\u027e]<\/strong> voiced dental flap, spelled r<\/strong>. Similar to English d<\/strong><\/em> in heed<\/strong>ing <\/em>or the t<\/strong><\/em> in heat<\/strong>ing<\/em>. R is pronounced this way between vowels or as part of a consonant cluster (cr<\/strong>, tr<\/strong>, gr<\/strong>, etc.).<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    agor<\/strong>a<\/td>\ncr<\/strong>ian\u00e7a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    car<\/strong>o<\/td>\nescr<\/strong>eve<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    embor<\/strong>a<\/td>\nfr<\/strong>ente<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ger<\/strong>al<\/td>\nobr<\/strong>igado<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    tr<\/strong>eze<\/td>\ngr<\/strong>avata<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    7.19  [h]<\/strong> voiceless glottal fricative* spelled r<\/strong>, rr<\/strong>. R<\/strong> is pronounced this way when it is rr<\/strong> between vowels, or word initial.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    r<\/strong>io<\/td>\nbairr<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    r<\/strong>apaz<\/td>\nsorr<\/strong>iso<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    r<\/strong>ua<\/td>\nhonr<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    R<\/b>aquel<\/td>\nco<\/span>rr<\/strong>er<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    arr<\/strong>oz<\/td>\nforr<\/strong>\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    *** When syllable or word final, either [\u027e]<\/strong> or [h] <\/strong>are possible pronunciations, depending on dialect. Portuguese allows for still other dialect variants.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n
    abe<\/span>r<\/strong>to<\/span><\/td>\nmulhe<\/span>r<\/strong><\/td>\nco<\/span>rre<\/span>r<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    do<\/span>r<\/strong>me<\/span><\/td>\nmelho<\/span>r<\/strong><\/td>\nmorar<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    i<\/span>r<\/strong>m\u00e3o<\/span><\/td>\ndan\u00e7a<\/span>r<\/strong><\/td>\nmorrer<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    Summary of the consonants of the Portuguese alphabet and their sound values in Brazilian Portuguese- Resumo das consoantes do alfabeto portugu\u00eas e seus valores sonoros em portugu\u00eas brasileiro<\/h3>\n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    b<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[b]<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nb<\/strong>obo<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    c<\/strong><\/td>\n1)<\/td>\n[s] <\/strong><\/td>\nBefore e<\/strong>, i<\/strong>.<\/td>\nc<\/strong>inema<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\n2)<\/td>\n[k] <\/strong><\/td>\n\n

    a) Before a<\/strong>, o<\/strong>, u<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    b) Before another consonant.<\/p><\/td>\n

    		\n

    c<\/strong>ada<\/p>\n

    c<\/strong>lasse<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00e7<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[s] <\/strong><\/td>\nFound only before a<\/strong>, <\/span>o<\/strong>, <\/span>u<\/strong>.<\/span><\/td>\nfa\u00e7<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ch<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[\u222b]<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nche<\/strong>io<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    d<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[d\u0292]<\/strong><\/td>\nBefore [i]<\/strong>.<\/td>\nd<\/strong>ia, tard<\/strong>e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\n<\/td>\n[d]<\/strong><\/td>\nElsewhere.<\/td>\nd<\/strong>ad<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    f<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[f]<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nf<\/strong>ofo<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    g<\/strong><\/td>\n1)<\/td>\n[\u0292]<\/strong><\/td>\nBefore <\/span>e<\/strong>, <\/span>i<\/strong>.<\/span><\/td>\ng<\/strong>ente<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\n2)<\/td>\n[g]<\/strong><\/td>\nElsewhere.<\/span><\/td>\ng<\/strong>ato, g<\/strong>l\u00f3ria<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    gu<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[g]<\/strong><\/td>\nBefore <\/span>e<\/strong>, <\/span>i<\/strong>.<\/span><\/td>\n\u00e1gu<\/strong>ia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\n<\/td>\n[gw] <\/strong><\/td>\nBefore <\/span>a<\/strong>, <\/span>o<\/strong>, <\/span>u<\/strong>.<\/span><\/td>\ngu<\/strong>ardar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    h<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[\u00d8]<\/strong><\/td>\nFound only at beginning of words and represents no sound.<\/td>\nh<\/strong>ora<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    j<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[\u0292]<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nj<\/strong>ardim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    l<\/b><\/td>\n1)<\/td>\n[l] <\/strong><\/td>\nWord, syllable initial.<\/td>\nl<\/strong>ado<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\n2)<\/td>\n[w] <\/strong><\/td>\nSyllable final.<\/td>\nfel<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    lh<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[\u028e] <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nbilh<\/b>ete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    m<\/strong><\/td>\n1)<\/td>\n[m] <\/strong><\/td>\nAt beginning of syllable.<\/td>\nm<\/strong>im<\/strong>oso<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\n2)<\/td>\n[\u02dc] <\/strong><\/td>\nAt end of syllable indicates nasalization of preceding vowel.<\/td>\ngim<\/strong>, sam<\/strong>ba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    n<\/strong><\/td>\n1)<\/td>\n[n] <\/strong><\/td>\nAt beginning of syllable. <\/span><\/td>\nn<\/strong>on<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\n2)<\/td>\n[\u02dc] <\/strong><\/td>\nAt end of syllable indicates nasalization of preceding vowel.<\/span><\/td>\non<\/strong>ze<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    nh<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[\u0272]<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\ntenh<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    p<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[p] <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\np<\/strong>ip<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    qu<\/strong><\/td>\n1)<\/td>\n[k] <\/strong><\/td>\n Before <\/span>e<\/strong>, <\/span>i<\/strong>.<\/span><\/td>\nqu<\/strong>em<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\n2)<\/td>\n[kw] <\/strong><\/td>\n Before <\/span>a<\/strong>, <\/span>o<\/strong>.<\/span><\/td>\nqu<\/strong>atro<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    r<\/strong><\/td>\n1)<\/td>\n[\u027e]<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

    a) Between vowels.<\/p>\n

    b) Following another consonant at the beginning of a syllable.<\/p>\n

    c) Final.<\/p><\/td>\n

    		\n

    agor<\/strong>a<\/p>\n

    pr<\/strong>onto<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    <\/td>\n2)<\/td>\n[h] <\/strong><\/td>\n\n

    a) Word initial.<\/p>\n

    b) After n<\/strong>, l<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    c) Preceding another consonant.<\/p>\n

    d) Final.<\/p><\/td>\n

    		\n

    r<\/strong>io<\/p>\n

    honr<\/strong>a, melr<\/strong>o<\/p>\n

    aber<\/strong>to<\/p>\n

    falar<\/strong><\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    rr<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[h] <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n arr<\/strong>oz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    s<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[s] <\/strong><\/td>\n\n

    a) Word initial.<\/p>\n

    b) After another consonant.<\/p>\n

    c) Final.<\/p><\/td>\n

    		\n

     s<\/strong>ala<\/p>\n

    cans<\/strong>a<\/p>\n

    flores<\/strong><\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    <\/td>\n<\/td>\n[z] <\/strong><\/td>\n\n

    a) Between two vowels.<\/p>\n

    b) Before voiced consonants.<\/p><\/td>\n

    		\n

     cas<\/strong>a<\/p>\n

    des<\/strong>de<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    sc<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[s] <\/strong><\/td>\nBefore <\/span>e<\/strong>, <\/span>i<\/strong>.<\/span><\/td>\n desc<\/strong>e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    s\u00e7<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[s] <\/strong><\/td>\nBefore <\/span>a<\/strong>, <\/span>o<\/strong>, <\/span>u<\/strong>.<\/span><\/td>\ndes\u00e7<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ss<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[s] <\/strong><\/td>\nFound only between vowels.<\/td>\nprofess<\/strong>or<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    t<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[t\u222b]<\/strong><\/td>\nBefore [i]<\/strong>.<\/td>\nt<\/strong>it<\/strong>io<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\n<\/td>\n[t]<\/strong><\/td>\nElsewhere.<\/td>\nt<\/strong>ant<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    v<\/b><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[v]<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nv<\/strong>aca<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    x<\/b><\/td>\n1)<\/td>\n[\u222b]<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

    a) Initial.<\/p>\n

    b) Before voiceless consonants.*<\/p>\n

    c) After another consonant.<\/p>\n

    d) Often between vowels (This is the most common<\/p>\n

    pronunciation of x<\/strong> between vowels).<\/p><\/td>\n

    		\n

    x<\/strong>\u00edcara<\/p>\n

    sex<\/strong>to<\/p>\n

    enx<\/strong>uga<\/p>\n

    rox<\/strong>o<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    <\/td>\n2)<\/td>\n[s]<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

    a) Between two vowels in a few words.<\/p>\n

    b) Before voiceless consonants.*<\/p><\/td>\n

    		\n

    pr\u00f3x<\/strong>imo, m\u00e1x<\/strong>imo<\/p>\n

    sex<\/strong>to<\/p><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    <\/td>\n3)<\/td>\n[z] <\/strong><\/td>\nIn initial ex<\/strong> plus vowels.<\/td>\nex<\/strong>ame, ex<\/strong>\u00e9rcito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>\n4)<\/td>\n[ks] <\/strong><\/td>\nBetween two vowels, mainly in words of foreign or Greek origin.<\/td>\nt\u00e1x<\/strong>i, t\u00f3rax<\/strong>, complex<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    xc<\/b><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[s] <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nexc<\/strong>esso<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    z<\/b><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[z] <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nz<\/strong>anga, az<\/strong>ul, voz<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    *Either of these pronunciations of x <\/strong>are appropriate in this particular context, either as a palatal sibilant or an alveolar sibilant. Individual Brazilian use either or both in their speech.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    Practice i.1- Pr\u00e1tica i.1<\/h4>\n

    Pronounce the following words:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • adeus<\/li>\n
    • bom<\/li>\n
    • Brasil<\/li>\n
    • caro<\/li>\n
    • carro<\/li>\n
    • casa<\/li>\n
    • cinema<\/li>\n
    • chap\u00e9u<\/li>\n
    • dente<\/li>\n
    • dia<\/li>\n
    • disse<\/li>\n
    • \u00e9<\/li>\n
    • feira<\/li>\n
    • fui<\/li>\n
    • grande<\/li>\n
    • gelo<\/li>\n
    • her\u00f3i<\/li>\n
    • igreja<\/li>\n
    • jardim<\/li>\n
    • l\u00e3<\/li>\n
    • m\u00e3e<\/li>\n
    • maio<\/li>\n
    • muito<\/li>\n
    • n\u00e3o<\/li>\n
    • olho<\/li>\n
    • pau<\/li>\n
    • p\u00e3o<\/li>\n
    • pediu<\/li>\n
    • Portugal<\/li>\n
    • quem<\/li>\n
    • Rio<\/li>\n
    • roxo<\/li>\n
    • sim<\/li>\n
    • tigre<\/li>\n
    • tudo<\/li>\n
    • um<\/li>\n
    • voc\u00ea<\/li>\n
    • x\u00edcara<\/li>\n
    • zanga<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n","rendered":"
      \n

      Pronunciation of Brazilian Portuguese<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
      \n

      Learning Objectives- Objetivos da Li\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • In the following discussion of the sounds of Brazilian Portuguese we will use phonetic symbols for the purpose of orientation and reference. In all other cases, however, your learning will proceed from the usual written form of the word. This makes for certain difficulties in learning Portuguese.<\/li>\n
      • Ideally, spelling should always follow pronunciation in any language, since, after all, letters are merely a method of making a written record of the spoken word. But many languages fall short of this ideal. Spanish is very good in this respect: you can look at a word and almost without exception you know exactly how it is pronounced. English, on the other hand, is notoriously difficult, since it often spells the same sound in many ways (the vowel in da<\/strong>te<\/em>, frei<\/strong>ght<\/em>, bai<\/strong>t<\/em>, say) and spells different sounds in the same way (though<\/strong><\/em>, through<\/strong><\/em>, cough<\/strong><\/em>, hiccough<\/strong><\/em>).<\/li>\n
      • In Portuguese there are some, though not many, of these same difficulties. As you will see in a moment, the traditional orthography does not indicate all the significant sounds with 100 per cent accuracy. You will see statements such as “Portuguese \u00e9<\/strong> is like the English e<\/em><\/strong> in bet<\/strong><\/em>.” This comparison is meant to be only a rough approximation to suggest the general nature of the Portuguese sound in question for your beginning stages. This does not by any means imply that the sound is the same in the two languages.<\/li>\n
      • Dialectal variation in Brazilian Portuguese allows for varied pronunciations of both vowels and consonants, especially with regard to the sequences di\/de<\/strong>ti\/te<\/strong> and s<\/strong> and z<\/strong> <\/strong>in syllable final position. The pronunciation presented below is a neutral Southeastern one, typical in states such as S\u00e3o Paulo or Minas Gerais.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n

        Vowels- As vogais<\/h2>\n

        Brazilian Portuguese has seven basic (oral) vowel sounds.<\/p>\n

        1.1 [a]<\/strong> the “front a,” the most common sound represented by the letter a<\/strong>. Similar to the a <\/em><\/strong>of fa<\/strong>ther<\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        h\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\nm\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        c\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\np\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        l\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\nv\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        d\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\nch\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        [\u0250]<\/strong> the “central a,” which occurs in unstressed<\/strong> syllables<\/strong>. Similar to the English sound o <\/strong><\/em>in mo<\/strong>ney<\/em> or so<\/strong>me.<\/strong><\/em> Note the sound [\u0250]<\/strong> in the final syllable of the following words.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        nada<\/strong><\/td>\nvaca<\/strong><\/td>\ncama<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        mala<\/strong><\/td>\nbala<\/strong><\/td>\ndama<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        fala<\/strong><\/td>\ncasa<\/strong><\/td>\nfulana<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        dava<\/strong><\/td>\nsala<\/strong><\/td>\nmanha<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        1.2 [i]<\/strong> the “high front” vowel, usually spelled i. Similar to English i<\/em><\/strong> in machi<\/strong>ne<\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        si<\/strong><\/td>\nti<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        vi<\/strong><\/td>\nti<\/strong>ti<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        ti<\/strong><\/td>\ni<\/strong>da<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        li<\/strong><\/td>\nfi<\/strong>la<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        mi<\/strong>mi<\/strong><\/td>\nfi<\/strong>ta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        In unstressed final syllables (and occasionally elsewhere), this same sound [i] <\/strong>is also spelled e<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        ide<\/strong><\/td>\ntive<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        bife<\/strong><\/td>\ndesfile<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        disse<\/strong><\/td>\nlimite<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        1.3 [u]<\/strong> the “high back” vowel, usually spelled u<\/strong>. Similar to English oo<\/em><\/strong> in too<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        tu<\/strong><\/td>\ntu<\/strong>tu<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        nu<\/strong><\/td>\ncru<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        lu<\/strong>lu<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        In unstressed final syllables (and occasionally elsewhere), this same sound [u]<\/strong> is also spelled o<\/strong>. This means that all words, that end in unstressed o<\/strong> one of the most frequently endings in Portuguese, will be end with the [u] <\/strong>sound.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        mudo<\/strong><\/td>\nluto<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        tudo<\/strong><\/td>\nsuco<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        subo<\/strong><\/td>\nuso<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        1.4 [e<\/strong>] the “closed e,” sometimes spelled \u00ea<\/strong> but more often e<\/strong>. Similar to English pronunciation of the second \u00e9<\/em> <\/strong>in r\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        d\u00ea<\/strong><\/td>\nbeb\u00ea<\/strong><\/td>\ntre<\/strong>ze<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        l\u00ea<\/strong><\/td>\ncr\u00ea<\/strong><\/td>\nvoc\u00ea<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        v\u00ea<\/strong><\/td>\nque<\/b><\/td>\nm\u00ea<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        s\u00ea<\/strong><\/td>\ne<\/strong>le<\/td>\nse<\/strong>de [thirst<\/em>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        1.5 [o]<\/strong> the “closed o,” sometimes spelled \u00f4<\/strong> but more often simply o<\/strong>. Similar to English o<\/strong><\/em> in o<\/strong>pen<\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
         vo<\/strong>v\u00f4<\/strong><\/td>\ndo<\/strong>r<\/td>\no<\/strong>vo<\/td>\nno<\/strong>vo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        so<\/strong>b<\/td>\nbo<\/strong>bo<\/td>\npo<\/strong>vo<\/td>\nv\u00f4<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        p\u00f4<\/strong>s<\/td>\nfo<\/strong>fo<\/td>\nfo<\/strong>go<\/td>\nmo<\/strong>\u00e7o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        co<\/strong>r<\/td>\nto<\/strong>do<\/td>\no<\/strong>sso<\/td>\nlo<\/strong>go<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        1.6 [\u025b]<\/strong> the “open e,” sometimes spelled \u00e9<\/strong> but more often simply e<\/strong>. Similar to English e<\/strong><\/em> in be<\/strong>t <\/em>or the first \u00e9 <\/em><\/strong>in r\u00e9<\/strong>sum\u00e9<\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        \u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\nZ\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\nse<\/strong>te<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        p\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\ncaf\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\nse<\/strong>de [headquarters<\/em>]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        f\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\nne<\/strong>ta<\/td>\ne<\/strong>la<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        1.7 [\u0254]<\/strong> the “open o,” sometimes spelled \u00f3<\/strong> but more often simply o<\/strong>. Similar to English aw<\/em><\/strong> in law<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        d\u00f3<\/strong><\/td>\ns\u00f3<\/strong><\/td>\no<\/strong>va<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        n\u00f3<\/strong><\/td>\nav\u00f3<\/strong><\/td>\nno<\/strong>ta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        p\u00f3<\/strong><\/td>\nn\u00f3<\/strong>s<\/td>\nvo<\/strong>lta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        Nasals- As vogais nasais<\/h2>\n

        In Portuguese the vowels a<\/strong>, e<\/strong>, i<\/strong>, o<\/strong>, u<\/strong> may also occur nasalized. The nasalization is indicated in one of three ways: by m<\/strong> or n<\/strong> after the vowel or by the til (\u02dc<\/strong>) over it. The letter m<\/strong> is used at the end of a word and before p<\/strong> and b<\/strong>; n<\/strong> is used in other places.<\/p>\n

        2.1 [\u0250\u0342]<\/strong> nasalized “central a,” spelled am<\/strong>, an<\/strong>, or \u00e3<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        l\u00e3<\/strong><\/td>\nma\u00e7\u00e3<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        s\u00e3<\/strong><\/td>\nsa<\/strong>mba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        f\u00e3<\/strong><\/td>\nta<\/strong>nta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        c\u00e3<\/strong><\/td>\nca<\/strong>nsa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        2.2 [e\u0342]<\/strong> nasalized “close e,” spelled em<\/strong> or en<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        pen<\/strong>so<\/td>\ncen<\/strong>to<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        den<\/strong>so<\/td>\nven<\/strong>do<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        len<\/strong>\u00e7o<\/td>\ntem<\/strong>po<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        sen<\/strong>so<\/td>\nden<\/strong>te<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        ven<\/strong>\u00e7o<\/td>\nsem<\/strong>pre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        ten<\/strong>s\u00e3o<\/td>\nlen<\/strong>ha<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        2.3 [\u0129]<\/strong> nasalized “high front i,” spelled im<\/strong> or in<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        fim<\/strong><\/td>\nassim<\/strong><\/td>\ncin<\/strong>ta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        sim<\/strong><\/td>\nlatim<\/strong><\/td>\ncin<\/strong>za<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        mim<\/strong><\/td>\npudim<\/strong><\/td>\ntrin<\/strong>ta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        gim<\/strong><\/td>\nlin<\/strong>da<\/td>\nrim<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        vim<\/strong><\/td>\nlim<\/strong>pa<\/td>\nquin<\/strong>dim<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        2.4 [\u00f5]<\/strong> nasalized “closed o,” spelled om<\/strong>, on<\/strong>, or \u00f5<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        com<\/strong><\/td>\ntom<\/strong><\/td>\nfon<\/strong>te<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        dom<\/strong><\/td>\nbatom<\/strong><\/td>\ncon<\/strong>ta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        bom<\/strong><\/td>\non<\/strong>ze<\/td>\nmon<\/strong>te<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        som<\/strong><\/td>\non<\/strong>\u00e7a<\/td>\nbom<\/strong>bom<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        2.5 [\u0169]<\/strong> nasalized “high back u,” spelled um<\/strong> or un<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        um<\/strong><\/td>\ncomum<\/strong><\/td>\nfun<\/strong>do<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        num<\/strong><\/td>\nnun<\/strong>ca<\/td>\nfun<\/strong>go<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        zun<\/strong>zum<\/strong><\/td>\ntum<\/strong>ba<\/td>\nassun<\/strong>to<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        algum<\/strong><\/td>\njun<\/strong>to<\/td>\nbum<\/strong>bum<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        Diphthongs- Os ditongos<\/h2>\n

        Oral diphthongs- Os ditongos orais<\/h3>\n

        A diphthong is a combination of two vowel sounds. The follow vowel combinations constitute the 11 different pronunciations of the 8 oral diphthongs in Portuguese: ai<\/strong>, au<\/strong>, ei<\/strong>, eu<\/strong>, oi<\/strong>, ou<\/strong>, iu<\/strong>, and ui<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        3.1 [ai]<\/strong> spelled ai<\/strong>. Similar to the English i<\/em> <\/strong>in i<\/strong>ce<\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        pai<\/strong><\/td>\nsai<\/strong>ba<\/td>\npassai<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        vai<\/strong><\/td>\nfalai<\/strong><\/td>\nai<\/strong>po<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        cai<\/strong><\/td>\nlevai<\/strong><\/td>\nlai<\/strong>co<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        3.2 [au]<\/strong> spelled au<\/strong>. Similar to the English ow<\/em> <\/strong>in cow<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        mau<\/strong><\/td>\nvau<\/strong><\/td>\nau<\/strong>to<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        pau<\/strong><\/td>\npau<\/strong>ta<\/td>\nMacau<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        nau<\/strong><\/td>\ncau<\/strong>da<\/td>\ncau<\/strong>sa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        3.3 [ei<\/strong>] spelled ei<\/strong>. Similar to the English ai<\/em> <\/strong>in fai<\/strong>th<\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        mei<\/strong>ga<\/td>\nfei<\/strong>ra<\/td>\nsei<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        tei<\/strong>ma<\/td>\nhei<\/strong><\/td>\ndei<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        fei<\/strong>to<\/td>\nlei<\/strong><\/td>\nMadei<\/strong>ra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        3.4 [\u03b5i]<\/strong> spelled \u00e9i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n
        pap\u00e9is<\/strong><\/td>\nhot\u00e9is<\/strong><\/td>\nton\u00e9is<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        an\u00e9is<\/strong><\/td>\npinc\u00e9is<\/strong><\/td>\ncord\u00e9is<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        3.5 [eu]<\/strong> spelled eu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        eu<\/strong><\/td>\nseu<\/strong><\/td>\nmuseu<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        deu<\/strong><\/td>\nteu<\/strong><\/td>\nmeu<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        leu<\/strong><\/td>\ntemeu<\/strong><\/td>\nadeu<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        3.6 [\u03b5u]<\/strong> spelled \u00e9u<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        c\u00e9u<\/strong><\/td>\nchap\u00e9u<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        v\u00e9u<\/strong><\/td>\ntrof\u00e9u<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        l\u00e9u<\/strong><\/td>\nr\u00e9u<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        3.7 [oi] <\/strong>spelled oi<\/strong>. Similar to the English oi<\/strong> <\/em>in moi<\/strong>st<\/em> or hoi<\/strong>st<\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        boi<\/strong><\/td>\nsoi<\/strong>s<\/td>\nnoi<\/strong>vo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        foi<\/strong><\/td>\noi<\/strong>to<\/td>\ndoi<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        poi<\/strong>s<\/td>\ndoi<\/strong>do<\/td>\nfoi<\/strong>ce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        3.8 [\u0254i]<\/strong> spelled \u00f3i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        m\u00f3i<\/strong><\/td>\ns\u00f3i<\/strong>s<\/td>\nanz\u00f3i<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        d\u00f3i<\/strong><\/td>\nj\u00f3i<\/strong>a<\/td>\nlen\u00e7\u00f3i<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        dod\u00f3i<\/strong><\/td>\nb\u00f3i<\/strong>a<\/td>\nfar\u00f3i<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        her\u00f3i<\/strong><\/td>\nespanh\u00f3i<\/strong>s<\/td>\njib\u00f3i<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        3.9 [ou]<\/strong> spelled o<\/strong>u. For many speakers ou<\/strong> denotes merely a “closed o” [o] <\/strong>as in the English oh<\/em><\/strong>!<\/em><\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        ou<\/strong><\/td>\nvou<\/strong><\/td>\nfalou<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        dou<\/strong><\/td>\nou<\/strong>tro<\/td>\nlevou<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        sou<\/strong><\/td>\nsou<\/strong>be<\/td>\nusou<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        3.10 [iu]<\/strong> spelled iu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        viu<\/strong><\/td>\npediu<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        saiu<\/strong><\/td>\nsubiu<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        caiu<\/strong><\/td>\ndecidiu<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        3.11  [ui]<\/strong> spelled ui<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        fui<\/strong><\/td>\npossui<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        ui<\/strong>vo<\/td>\nconclui<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        cui<\/strong>do<\/td>\nazui<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        Nasal diphthongs- Os ditongos nasais<\/h3>\n

        There are five nasal diphthongs in Brazilian Portuguese. Nasalization is indicated by m<\/strong> after the vowel or by the til (\u02dc<\/strong>) placed over the first vowel of the diphthong. Both elements of the diphthong are nasalized.<\/p>\n

        4.1   [\u0250\u0303\u0169\/\u0250\u0303w<\/strong>] spelled \u00e3o<\/strong> or am<\/strong>. In unstressed position, the intensity of the nasality is slightly reduced.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        h\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\nt\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\nfalam<\/strong><\/td>\npassam<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        n\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\np\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\ntocam<\/strong><\/td>\nsab\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        s\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\nv\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\nficam<\/strong><\/td>\nfog\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        d\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\nc\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\nlevam<\/strong><\/td>\nmam\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        4.2 [e\u0342\u0129<\/strong>] spelled em<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        nem<\/strong><\/td>\ntem<\/strong><\/td>\nquem<\/strong><\/td>\ntamb\u00e9m<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        bem<\/strong><\/td>\nvem<\/strong><\/td>\nal\u00e9m<\/strong><\/td>\nref\u00e9m<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        cem<\/strong><\/td>\nnuvem<\/strong><\/td>\nviagem<\/strong><\/td>\nse<\/strong>m<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        4.3 [\u0250\u0303\u0129]<\/strong> spelled \u00e3e<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        m\u00e3e<\/strong><\/td>\ncapit\u00e3e<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        c\u00e3e<\/strong>s<\/td>\nalem\u00e3e<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        p\u00e3e<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        4.4 [\u00f5\u0129] <\/strong>spelled \u00f5e<\/strong>. Similar to the oi <\/strong>in the English oi<\/strong>nk <\/em>or boi<\/strong>ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        p\u00f5e<\/strong><\/td>\nbot\u00f5e<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        op\u00f5e<\/strong><\/td>\nmel\u00f5e<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        sup\u00f5e<\/strong><\/td>\nbalc\u00f5e<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        comp\u00f5e<\/strong><\/td>\nli\u00e7\u00f5e<\/strong>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        4.5   [\u0169\u0129]<\/strong> This nasal diphthong occurs only in one Portuguese word (muito<\/strong>) and its variations. Note that the spelling does not indicate nasalization.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n
        mui<\/strong>to<\/td>\nmui<\/strong>tos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        mui<\/strong>ta<\/td>\nmui<\/strong>tas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        4.6 Combinations of vowels other than those listed above do not<\/strong> constitute diphthongs in Portuguese.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        dieta (di-e-ta)<\/td>\n\u00f3leo (\u00f3-le-o)<\/td>\nteatro (te-a-tro)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Caetano (Ca-e-ta-no)<\/td>\nMaria (Ma-ri-a)<\/td>\nsueco (su-e-co)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        miolo (mi-o-lo)<\/td>\ndiabo (di-a-bo)<\/td>\nrua (ru-a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        Consonants- As consoantes<\/h2>\n

        5.1 [p]<\/strong> voiceless bilabial stop, spelled p<\/strong>. Similar to English p<\/strong><\/em> in p<\/strong>ine<\/em> but without aspiration (extra air that accompanies initial voiceless stops (p, t, k)<\/strong> <\/em>sounds in English).<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        p<\/strong>ap<\/strong>ai<\/td>\np<\/strong>iano<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        p<\/strong>amp<\/strong>a<\/td>\np<\/strong>alp<\/strong>ita<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        limp<\/strong>o<\/td>\np<\/strong>oup<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        5.2 [b]<\/strong> voiced bilabial stop, spelled b<\/strong>. Similar to English b<\/strong><\/em> in b<\/strong>et<\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        b<\/strong>a\u00eda<\/td>\nb<\/strong>em-b<\/strong>om<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        b<\/strong>eb<\/strong>\u00ea<\/td>\nb<\/strong>omb<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        b<\/strong>ife<\/td>\nB<\/strong>\u00edb<\/strong>lia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        5.3 [t]<\/strong> voiceless dental stop, spelled t<\/strong>. Similar to English t<\/strong><\/em> in t<\/strong>ime<\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        t<\/strong>at<\/strong>eia<\/td>\nt<\/strong>ant<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        t<\/strong>et<\/strong>o<\/td>\nat<\/strong>ent<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        t<\/strong>est<\/strong>a<\/td>\nT<\/strong>\u00f3quio<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        t<\/strong>ot<\/strong>al<\/td>\nmat<\/strong>ut<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        [t]<\/strong> before [i] <\/strong>spelled either i<\/strong> or e<\/strong> is pronounced by many Brazilians as a voiceless affricate [t\u222b]<\/strong>, similar to the ch<\/strong> of the English word ch<\/strong>ief.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        t<\/strong>ime<\/td>\nt<\/strong>ios<\/td>\npart<\/strong>e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        t<\/strong>igre<\/td>\nnordest<\/strong>e<\/td>\n\u00f3t<\/strong>imo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        t<\/strong>eatro<\/td>\npresent<\/strong>e<\/td>\ncontent<\/strong>e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        5.4 [d]<\/strong> voiced dental stop, spelled d<\/strong>. Similar to English d<\/em><\/strong> in d<\/strong>ate<\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        d<\/strong>ali<\/td>\nd<\/strong>uelo<\/td>\npod<\/strong>er<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        d<\/strong>ed<\/strong>o<\/td>\nd<\/strong>esenho<\/td>\nvend<\/strong>er<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        d<\/strong>omingo<\/td>\nd<\/strong>\u00f3lar<\/td>\nmord<\/strong>er<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        [d]<\/strong> before [i] <\/strong>spelled either i<\/strong> or e<\/strong> is pronounced by many Brazilians as [d\u0292]<\/strong>, similar to the j <\/strong><\/em>or the dg<\/strong><\/em> of the English word j<\/strong>udg<\/strong>e<\/em><\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        d<\/strong>ia<\/td>\nD<\/strong>inamarca<\/td>\nverdad<\/strong>e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        d<\/strong>i\u00e1logo<\/td>\nd<\/strong>isciplina<\/td>\npod<\/strong>e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        D<\/strong>iogo<\/td>\ntard<\/strong>e<\/td>\nd<\/strong>e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        5.5 [k]<\/strong> voiceless velar stop, spelled c,<\/strong> –qu<\/strong>. Similar to English k<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n
        c<\/strong>ada<\/td>\nc<\/strong>lasse<\/td>\nqu<\/strong>em<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        c<\/strong>arioca<\/td>\naqu<\/strong>i<\/td>\nqu<\/strong>er<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        5.5a   [ks]<\/strong> voiceless velar stop, spelled x<\/strong>. Similar to the x<\/em><\/strong> in the English tax<\/strong>i.<\/em><\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n
        reflex<\/strong>o<\/td>\nt\u00e1x<\/strong>i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        t\u00f3x<\/strong>ico<\/td>\ncomplex<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        5.6 [g]<\/strong> voiced velar stop, spelled g<\/strong>, gu<\/strong>. Similar to English g<\/strong><\/em> in g<\/strong>ate<\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n
        g<\/strong>ato<\/td>\nalg<\/strong>um<\/td>\n\u00e1g<\/strong>ua<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        alg<\/strong>o<\/td>\n\u00e1g<\/strong>uia<\/td>\neng<\/strong>ana<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        5.7 [f]<\/strong> voiceless labio-dental fricative, spelled f<\/strong>. Similar to English f<\/strong><\/em> in f<\/strong>ate<\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        f<\/strong>ome<\/td>\naf<\/strong>ora<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        f<\/strong>ogo<\/td>\nf<\/strong>oguete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        f<\/strong>luido<\/td>\ndef<\/strong>endo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        5.8 [v]<\/strong> voiced labio-dental fricative, spelled v<\/strong>. Similar to English v<\/strong><\/em> in v<\/strong>ein<\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        v<\/b>aca<\/td>\nv<\/strong>ov<\/strong>\u00f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        av<\/strong>endia<\/td>\nv<\/strong>ento<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        env<\/b>olv<\/strong>er<\/td>\nv<\/strong>oc\u00ea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        env<\/strong>ia<\/td>\nv<\/strong>aiv<\/strong>\u00e9m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        5.9 [m]<\/strong> voiced bilabial nasal (when syllable initial), spelled m<\/strong>. Similar to English m<\/strong><\/em> in m<\/strong>ad. <\/em>Remember when m<\/strong> is syllable final it indicates nasality in the vowel that precedes it.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        m<\/strong>ais<\/td>\nm<\/strong>im<\/strong>oso<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        m<\/strong>am<\/strong>\u00e3e<\/td>\nm<\/strong>im<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        m<\/strong>o\u00e7o<\/td>\nm<\/strong>anga<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        5.10 [n]<\/strong> voiced dental nasal (when syllable initial), spelled n<\/strong>. Similar to English n<\/strong><\/em> in n<\/strong>ot<\/em>. Remember when n<\/strong> is syllable final it indicates nasality in the vowel that precedes it.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n
        n<\/strong>on<\/strong>o<\/td>\nn<\/strong>en<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        n<\/strong>ingu\u00e9m<\/td>\nn<\/strong>unca<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        5.11 [\u0272]<\/strong> voiced palatal nasal, spelled nh<\/strong>. Similar to English ni<\/strong><\/em> in oni<\/strong>on<\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        banh<\/strong>o<\/td>\nminh<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        sonh<\/strong>o<\/td>\nmanh<\/strong>\u00e3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        tenh<\/strong>o<\/td>\nmontanh<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        venh<\/strong>o<\/td>\nnenh<\/strong>um<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        ganh<\/strong>ar<\/td>\nvinh<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        5.12 [s]<\/strong> voiceless dental sibilant, spelled s<\/strong>, ss<\/strong>, sc<\/strong>, and c<\/strong> (before e<\/strong>, i<\/strong>), sc<\/strong> and \u00e7<\/strong> (before o<\/strong>, a<\/strong>, u<\/strong>), xc<\/strong>, x<\/strong>. Similar to English s<\/strong><\/em> in s<\/strong>at<\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        s<\/strong>ala<\/td>\ndes\u00e7<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        cans<\/strong>a<\/td>\nfa\u00e7<\/strong>amos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        poss<\/strong>o<\/td>\nexc<\/strong>ess<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        pisc<\/strong>ina<\/td>\ntroux<\/strong>e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        c<\/strong>inema<\/td>\nm\u00e1x<\/strong>imo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        5.13 [z]<\/strong> voiced dental sibilant, spelled z<\/strong>, s<\/strong>, x<\/strong>. Similar to English z<\/strong> <\/em>in z<\/strong>one<\/em>. Z<\/strong> is always pronounced this way. S <\/strong>is pronounced this way when it appears between two vowels.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        z<\/strong>anga<\/td>\nprecis<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        az<\/strong>ul<\/td>\nex<\/strong>ame<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        d\u00faz<\/strong>ia<\/td>\nex<\/strong>emplo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        cas<\/strong>a<\/td>\n\u00eax<\/strong>ito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        5.14 [\u222b<\/strong>] voiceless palatal sibilant, spelled ch<\/strong> or x<\/strong>. Similar to English sh<\/strong><\/em> in sh<\/strong>ow<\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        ch<\/strong>amo<\/td>\nrox<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        ach<\/strong>o<\/td>\nx<\/strong>am\u00e3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        x<\/strong>\u00edcara<\/td>\nch<\/strong>ave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        deix<\/strong>a<\/td>\nlix<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        abacax<\/strong>i<\/td>\nch<\/strong>uva<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        5.15 [\u0292]<\/strong> voiced palatal sibilant, spelled j<\/strong>, g<\/strong> (before e<\/strong>, i<\/strong>) Similar to English s<\/strong><\/em> in treas<\/strong>ure.<\/em><\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        g<\/strong>ente<\/td>\nhoj<\/strong>e<\/td>\nigrej<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        g<\/strong>elo<\/td>\nj<\/strong>anela<\/td>\nTej<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        g<\/strong>iro<\/td>\nj<\/strong>ardim<\/td>\nfeij<\/strong>\u00e3o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        5.16 [l]<\/strong> voiced dental lateral, spelled l<\/strong>. At the beginning of a syllable, l<\/strong> is a sound like English l<\/em> <\/strong>in l<\/em><\/strong>eap<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        l<\/strong>ado<\/td>\nl<\/strong>eite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        al<\/strong>em\u00e3o<\/td>\nl<\/strong>im\u00e3o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        bel<\/strong>o<\/td>\nl<\/strong>ogo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        ***At the end of a syllable, l<\/strong> is like English w<\/strong> at the end of a word, a semi-vowel, as in the words caw<\/strong>, few<\/strong>, mow<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        mal<\/strong><\/td>\nmel<\/strong><\/td>\nsol<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Portugal<\/strong><\/td>\nBrasil<\/strong><\/td>\ncal<\/strong>vo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        anel<\/strong><\/td>\nf\u00e1cil<\/strong><\/td>\nazul<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        fil<\/strong>me<\/td>\ncal<\/strong>mo<\/td>\nAnsel<\/strong>mo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        5.17 [\u028e] <\/strong>voiced palatal lateral, spelled lh<\/strong>. Similar to English ll<\/strong><\/em> in mill<\/strong>ion<\/em>.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        velh<\/strong>o<\/td>\nolh<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        bilh<\/strong>ete<\/td>\ntoalh<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        filh<\/strong>o<\/td>\nvalh<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        5.18 [\u027e]<\/strong> voiced dental flap, spelled r<\/strong>. Similar to English d<\/strong><\/em> in heed<\/strong>ing <\/em>or the t<\/strong><\/em> in heat<\/strong>ing<\/em>. R is pronounced this way between vowels or as part of a consonant cluster (cr<\/strong>, tr<\/strong>, gr<\/strong>, etc.).<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        agor<\/strong>a<\/td>\ncr<\/strong>ian\u00e7a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        car<\/strong>o<\/td>\nescr<\/strong>eve<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        embor<\/strong>a<\/td>\nfr<\/strong>ente<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        ger<\/strong>al<\/td>\nobr<\/strong>igado<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        tr<\/strong>eze<\/td>\ngr<\/strong>avata<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        7.19  [h]<\/strong> voiceless glottal fricative* spelled r<\/strong>, rr<\/strong>. R<\/strong> is pronounced this way when it is rr<\/strong> between vowels, or word initial.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        r<\/strong>io<\/td>\nbairr<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        r<\/strong>apaz<\/td>\nsorr<\/strong>iso<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        r<\/strong>ua<\/td>\nhonr<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        R<\/b>aquel<\/td>\ncorr<\/strong>er<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        arr<\/strong>oz<\/td>\nforr<\/strong>\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        *** When syllable or word final, either [\u027e]<\/strong> or [h] <\/strong>are possible pronunciations, depending on dialect. Portuguese allows for still other dialect variants.<\/p>\n

        \n\n\n\n\n\n
        aber<\/strong>to<\/td>\nmulher<\/strong><\/td>\ncorrer<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        dor<\/strong>me<\/td>\nmelhor<\/strong><\/td>\nmorar<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        ir<\/strong>m\u00e3o<\/td>\ndan\u00e7ar<\/strong><\/td>\nmorrer<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

        Summary of the consonants of the Portuguese alphabet and their sound values in Brazilian Portuguese- Resumo das consoantes do alfabeto portugu\u00eas e seus valores sonoros em portugu\u00eas brasileiro<\/h3>\n
        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        b<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[b]<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nb<\/strong>obo<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        c<\/strong><\/td>\n1)<\/td>\n[s] <\/strong><\/td>\nBefore e<\/strong>, i<\/strong>.<\/td>\nc<\/strong>inema<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\n2)<\/td>\n[k] <\/strong><\/td>\n\n

        a) Before a<\/strong>, o<\/strong>, u<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        b) Before another consonant.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

        		\n

        c<\/strong>ada<\/p>\n

        c<\/strong>lasse<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

        \u00e7<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[s] <\/strong><\/td>\nFound only before a<\/strong>, o<\/strong>, u<\/strong>.<\/td>\nfa\u00e7<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        ch<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[\u222b]<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nche<\/strong>io<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        d<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[d\u0292]<\/strong><\/td>\nBefore [i]<\/strong>.<\/td>\nd<\/strong>ia, tard<\/strong>e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\n<\/td>\n[d]<\/strong><\/td>\nElsewhere.<\/td>\nd<\/strong>ad<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        f<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[f]<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nf<\/strong>ofo<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        g<\/strong><\/td>\n1)<\/td>\n[\u0292]<\/strong><\/td>\nBefore e<\/strong>, i<\/strong>.<\/td>\ng<\/strong>ente<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\n2)<\/td>\n[g]<\/strong><\/td>\nElsewhere.<\/td>\ng<\/strong>ato, g<\/strong>l\u00f3ria<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        gu<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[g]<\/strong><\/td>\nBefore e<\/strong>, i<\/strong>.<\/td>\n\u00e1gu<\/strong>ia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\n<\/td>\n[gw] <\/strong><\/td>\nBefore a<\/strong>, o<\/strong>, u<\/strong>.<\/td>\ngu<\/strong>ardar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        h<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[\u00d8]<\/strong><\/td>\nFound only at beginning of words and represents no sound.<\/td>\nh<\/strong>ora<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        j<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[\u0292]<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nj<\/strong>ardim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        l<\/b><\/td>\n1)<\/td>\n[l] <\/strong><\/td>\nWord, syllable initial.<\/td>\nl<\/strong>ado<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\n2)<\/td>\n[w] <\/strong><\/td>\nSyllable final.<\/td>\nfel<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        lh<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[\u028e] <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nbilh<\/b>ete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        m<\/strong><\/td>\n1)<\/td>\n[m] <\/strong><\/td>\nAt beginning of syllable.<\/td>\nm<\/strong>im<\/strong>oso<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\n2)<\/td>\n[\u02dc] <\/strong><\/td>\nAt end of syllable indicates nasalization of preceding vowel.<\/td>\ngim<\/strong>, sam<\/strong>ba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        n<\/strong><\/td>\n1)<\/td>\n[n] <\/strong><\/td>\nAt beginning of syllable. <\/td>\nn<\/strong>on<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\n2)<\/td>\n[\u02dc] <\/strong><\/td>\nAt end of syllable indicates nasalization of preceding vowel.<\/td>\non<\/strong>ze<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        nh<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[\u0272]<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\ntenh<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        p<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[p] <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\np<\/strong>ip<\/strong>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        qu<\/strong><\/td>\n1)<\/td>\n[k] <\/strong><\/td>\n Before e<\/strong>, i<\/strong>.<\/td>\nqu<\/strong>em<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\n2)<\/td>\n[kw] <\/strong><\/td>\n Before a<\/strong>, o<\/strong>.<\/td>\nqu<\/strong>atro<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        r<\/strong><\/td>\n1)<\/td>\n[\u027e]<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

        a) Between vowels.<\/p>\n

        b) Following another consonant at the beginning of a syllable.<\/p>\n

        c) Final.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

        		\n

        agor<\/strong>a<\/p>\n

        pr<\/strong>onto<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

        <\/td>\n2)<\/td>\n[h] <\/strong><\/td>\n\n

        a) Word initial.<\/p>\n

        b) After n<\/strong>, l<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

        c) Preceding another consonant.<\/p>\n

        d) Final.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

        		\n

        r<\/strong>io<\/p>\n

        honr<\/strong>a, melr<\/strong>o<\/p>\n

        aber<\/strong>to<\/p>\n

        falar<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

        rr<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[h] <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n arr<\/strong>oz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        s<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[s] <\/strong><\/td>\n\n

        a) Word initial.<\/p>\n

        b) After another consonant.<\/p>\n

        c) Final.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

        		\n

         s<\/strong>ala<\/p>\n

        cans<\/strong>a<\/p>\n

        flores<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

        <\/td>\n<\/td>\n[z] <\/strong><\/td>\n\n

        a) Between two vowels.<\/p>\n

        b) Before voiced consonants.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

        		\n

         cas<\/strong>a<\/p>\n

        des<\/strong>de<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

        sc<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[s] <\/strong><\/td>\nBefore e<\/strong>, i<\/strong>.<\/td>\n desc<\/strong>e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        s\u00e7<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[s] <\/strong><\/td>\nBefore a<\/strong>, o<\/strong>, u<\/strong>.<\/td>\ndes\u00e7<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        ss<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[s] <\/strong><\/td>\nFound only between vowels.<\/td>\nprofess<\/strong>or<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        t<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[t\u222b]<\/strong><\/td>\nBefore [i]<\/strong>.<\/td>\nt<\/strong>it<\/strong>io<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\n<\/td>\n[t]<\/strong><\/td>\nElsewhere.<\/td>\nt<\/strong>ant<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        v<\/b><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[v]<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nv<\/strong>aca<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        x<\/b><\/td>\n1)<\/td>\n[\u222b]<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

        a) Initial.<\/p>\n

        b) Before voiceless consonants.*<\/p>\n

        c) After another consonant.<\/p>\n

        d) Often between vowels (This is the most common<\/p>\n

        pronunciation of x<\/strong> between vowels).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

        		\n

        x<\/strong>\u00edcara<\/p>\n

        sex<\/strong>to<\/p>\n

        enx<\/strong>uga<\/p>\n

        rox<\/strong>o<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

        <\/td>\n2)<\/td>\n[s]<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

        a) Between two vowels in a few words.<\/p>\n

        b) Before voiceless consonants.*<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

        		\n

        pr\u00f3x<\/strong>imo, m\u00e1x<\/strong>imo<\/p>\n

        sex<\/strong>to<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

        <\/td>\n3)<\/td>\n[z] <\/strong><\/td>\nIn initial ex<\/strong> plus vowels.<\/td>\nex<\/strong>ame, ex<\/strong>\u00e9rcito<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\n4)<\/td>\n[ks] <\/strong><\/td>\nBetween two vowels, mainly in words of foreign or Greek origin.<\/td>\nt\u00e1x<\/strong>i, t\u00f3rax<\/strong>, complex<\/strong>o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        xc<\/b><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[s] <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nexc<\/strong>esso<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        z<\/b><\/td>\n<\/td>\n[z] <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nz<\/strong>anga, az<\/strong>ul, voz<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        *Either of these pronunciations of x <\/strong>are appropriate in this particular context, either as a palatal sibilant or an alveolar sibilant. Individual Brazilian use either or both in their speech.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

        Practice i.1- Pr\u00e1tica i.1<\/h4>\n

        Pronounce the following words:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • adeus<\/li>\n
        • bom<\/li>\n
        • Brasil<\/li>\n
        • caro<\/li>\n
        • carro<\/li>\n
        • casa<\/li>\n
        • cinema<\/li>\n
        • chap\u00e9u<\/li>\n
        • dente<\/li>\n
        • dia<\/li>\n
        • disse<\/li>\n
        • \u00e9<\/li>\n
        • feira<\/li>\n
        • fui<\/li>\n
        • grande<\/li>\n
        • gelo<\/li>\n
        • her\u00f3i<\/li>\n
        • igreja<\/li>\n
        • jardim<\/li>\n
        • l\u00e3<\/li>\n
        • m\u00e3e<\/li>\n
        • maio<\/li>\n
        • muito<\/li>\n
        • n\u00e3o<\/li>\n
        • olho<\/li>\n
        • pau<\/li>\n
        • p\u00e3o<\/li>\n
        • pediu<\/li>\n
        • Portugal<\/li>\n
        • quem<\/li>\n
        • Rio<\/li>\n
        • roxo<\/li>\n
        • sim<\/li>\n
        • tigre<\/li>\n
        • tudo<\/li>\n
        • um<\/li>\n
        • voc\u00ea<\/li>\n
        • x\u00edcara<\/li>\n
        • zanga<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"front-matter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-19","front-matter","type-front-matter","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter\/19","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/front-matter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter\/19\/revisions"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter\/19\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"front-matter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter-type?post=19"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=19"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=19"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}