{"id":22,"date":"2016-08-26T20:07:11","date_gmt":"2016-08-26T20:07:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/front-matter\/fourth-preliminary-lesson\/"},"modified":"2016-08-26T20:07:11","modified_gmt":"2016-08-26T20:07:11","slug":"fourth-preliminary-lesson","status":"publish","type":"front-matter","link":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/front-matter\/fourth-preliminary-lesson\/","title":{"rendered":"Fourth Preliminary Lesson"},"content":{"raw":"\n<div>\n<h2>Lesson Objectives- Objetivas da Li\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>This lesson presents the intricacies of how to express \"you\" in Portuguese. Like many other European languages, in Portuguese there exist both formal and informal ways to express \"you\" according to the degree of formality or familiarity between the speaker and the person being addressed. Usage is complicated and varies regionally.<\/li>\n<li>After completing this lesson, the student will be able to recognize and produce forms of&nbsp;\"you\" in different contexts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>To express \"you\" in Brazilian Portuguese:<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>1. In Brazil the word&nbsp;<em><strong>voc\u00ea<\/strong> <\/em>&nbsp;is the one most widely used among friends, among family members, by older persons when speaking to younger ones, by those in higher positions speaking to their subordinates. The word&nbsp;<em><strong>voc\u00ea<\/strong><\/em> , (a corruption of&nbsp;<em><strong>Vossa&nbsp;Merc\u00ea<\/strong><\/em> , or \"your grace\") and the plural&nbsp;<em><strong>voc\u00eas<\/strong>,<\/em> is a third person pronoun.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>2. The more formal manner of saying \"you\" is <em><strong>o&nbsp;senhor<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;(masculine) and <em><strong>a&nbsp;senhora<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;(feminine) and their respective plural forms (<em><strong>os senhores\/as senhoras<\/strong><\/em>). This expression is used when addressing a person older than the speaker, one whose position or profession may be ranked higher than the speaker's, or when speaking to someone recently introduced to the speaker, unless it is a case of two teenagers meeting. It is a sign of courtesy, and the student should be sure to learn and to practice using this mode of address. When introduced to a Brazilian who appears to be older than the speaker, the speaker would be safe in using <em><strong>o&nbsp;senhor<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;or <em><strong>a&nbsp;senhora<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;until told to use <em><strong>voc\u00ea<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>3. The word \"you\" (singular) in Portuguese which denotes greatest familiarity is&nbsp;<em><strong>tu<\/strong><\/em>.&nbsp;However, in Brazil its use is limited and often ungrammatical (used with the wrong verb conjugation). Due to this restricted use, this text will not include it or its corresponding plural form (<strong><em>v\u00f3s<\/em><\/strong>) in the various verb conjugations. Such forms will be found in the verb appendix in the back of the book. The student should learn to recognize them. The plural form <em><strong>v\u00f3s<\/strong><\/em> is seldom used except in sermons or flowery orations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>4. In informal conversation, it is common to use&nbsp;<em><strong>dona<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;preceding a married woman's or older single woman's first name, and&nbsp;<em><strong>seu<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;preceding an older man's first name.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>The following dialogues illustrate the different usages of \"you\" in Brazilian Portuguese:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Bom&nbsp;dia, Teresa.<\/td>\n<td><em>[Good morning, Teresa.]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-&nbsp;Bom&nbsp;dia, Paulo.<\/td>\n<td><em>[-Good morning, Paulo.]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Como&nbsp;vai?<\/td>\n<td><em>[How are <strong>you<\/strong>?]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>- Vou&nbsp;bem,&nbsp;obrigada. E&nbsp;<strong>voc\u00ea<\/strong>?<\/td>\n<td><em>[-Fine, thank you. And <strong>you<\/strong>?]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vou&nbsp;bem,&nbsp;obrigado.<\/td>\n<td><em>[Fine, thank you. ]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Boa&nbsp;tarde,&nbsp;dona&nbsp;Cristina.<\/td>\n<td><em>[Good afternoon,&nbsp;dona&nbsp;Cristina.]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>- Boa&nbsp;tarde,&nbsp;seu&nbsp;Ant\u00f4nio.<\/td>\n<td><em>[-Good afternoon,&nbsp;seu&nbsp;Ant\u00f3nio.]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Como <strong>a&nbsp;senhora<\/strong>&nbsp;tem&nbsp;passado?<\/td>\n<td><em>[How have <strong>you<\/strong> been?]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>-&nbsp;Muito&nbsp;bem,&nbsp;obrigada, e <strong>o&nbsp;senhor<\/strong>?&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><em>[-Fine, thank you, and <strong>you<\/strong>?]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mais&nbsp;ou&nbsp;menos.<\/td>\n<td><em>[So-so.]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Oi,&nbsp;Beto.&nbsp;Tudo&nbsp;bem?<\/td>\n<td><em>[Hi&nbsp;Beto. How are <strong>you<\/strong> doing?]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-&nbsp;Tudo&nbsp;certo, Cl\u00e1udia. Como&nbsp;\u00e9 que v\u00e3o&nbsp;as&nbsp;coisas?<\/td>\n<td><em>[-Fine, Cl\u00e1udia. How is it going?]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Iii,&nbsp;menino,&nbsp;hoje&nbsp;n\u00e3o&nbsp;estou muito&nbsp;bem.<\/td>\n<td><em>[Gosh, things aren't so good today.]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>- Que&nbsp;pena!&nbsp;Sinto&nbsp;muito.<\/td>\n<td><em>[-That's too bad! I'm sorry.]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Para&nbsp;onde&nbsp;<strong>voc\u00ea<\/strong> vai&nbsp;agora?<\/td>\n<td><em>[Where are <strong>you<\/strong> going now?]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>- Vou para casa. At\u00e9 amanh\u00e3.<\/td>\n<td><em>[-I'm going home. See <strong>you<\/strong> tomorrow.]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>At\u00e9 logo!<\/td>\n<td><em>[See you later!]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-&nbsp;Tchau!<\/td>\n<td><em>[-Bye!]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n","rendered":"<div>\n<h2>Lesson Objectives- Objetivas da Li\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>This lesson presents the intricacies of how to express &#8220;you&#8221; in Portuguese. Like many other European languages, in Portuguese there exist both formal and informal ways to express &#8220;you&#8221; according to the degree of formality or familiarity between the speaker and the person being addressed. Usage is complicated and varies regionally.<\/li>\n<li>After completing this lesson, the student will be able to recognize and produce forms of&nbsp;&#8220;you&#8221; in different contexts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>To express &#8220;you&#8221; in Brazilian Portuguese:<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>1. In Brazil the word&nbsp;<em><strong>voc\u00ea<\/strong> <\/em>&nbsp;is the one most widely used among friends, among family members, by older persons when speaking to younger ones, by those in higher positions speaking to their subordinates. The word&nbsp;<em><strong>voc\u00ea<\/strong><\/em> , (a corruption of&nbsp;<em><strong>Vossa&nbsp;Merc\u00ea<\/strong><\/em> , or &#8220;your grace&#8221;) and the plural&nbsp;<em><strong>voc\u00eas<\/strong>,<\/em> is a third person pronoun.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>2. The more formal manner of saying &#8220;you&#8221; is <em><strong>o&nbsp;senhor<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;(masculine) and <em><strong>a&nbsp;senhora<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;(feminine) and their respective plural forms (<em><strong>os senhores\/as senhoras<\/strong><\/em>). This expression is used when addressing a person older than the speaker, one whose position or profession may be ranked higher than the speaker&#8217;s, or when speaking to someone recently introduced to the speaker, unless it is a case of two teenagers meeting. It is a sign of courtesy, and the student should be sure to learn and to practice using this mode of address. When introduced to a Brazilian who appears to be older than the speaker, the speaker would be safe in using <em><strong>o&nbsp;senhor<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;or <em><strong>a&nbsp;senhora<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;until told to use <em><strong>voc\u00ea<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>3. The word &#8220;you&#8221; (singular) in Portuguese which denotes greatest familiarity is&nbsp;<em><strong>tu<\/strong><\/em>.&nbsp;However, in Brazil its use is limited and often ungrammatical (used with the wrong verb conjugation). Due to this restricted use, this text will not include it or its corresponding plural form (<strong><em>v\u00f3s<\/em><\/strong>) in the various verb conjugations. Such forms will be found in the verb appendix in the back of the book. The student should learn to recognize them. The plural form <em><strong>v\u00f3s<\/strong><\/em> is seldom used except in sermons or flowery orations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>4. In informal conversation, it is common to use&nbsp;<em><strong>dona<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;preceding a married woman&#8217;s or older single woman&#8217;s first name, and&nbsp;<em><strong>seu<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;preceding an older man&#8217;s first name.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>The following dialogues illustrate the different usages of &#8220;you&#8221; in Brazilian Portuguese:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Bom&nbsp;dia, Teresa.<\/td>\n<td><em>[Good morning, Teresa.]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&#8211;&nbsp;Bom&nbsp;dia, Paulo.<\/td>\n<td><em>[-Good morning, Paulo.]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Como&nbsp;vai?<\/td>\n<td><em>[How are <strong>you<\/strong>?]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&#8211; Vou&nbsp;bem,&nbsp;obrigada. E&nbsp;<strong>voc\u00ea<\/strong>?<\/td>\n<td><em>[-Fine, thank you. And <strong>you<\/strong>?]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vou&nbsp;bem,&nbsp;obrigado.<\/td>\n<td><em>[Fine, thank you. ]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Boa&nbsp;tarde,&nbsp;dona&nbsp;Cristina.<\/td>\n<td><em>[Good afternoon,&nbsp;dona&nbsp;Cristina.]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&#8211; Boa&nbsp;tarde,&nbsp;seu&nbsp;Ant\u00f4nio.<\/td>\n<td><em>[-Good afternoon,&nbsp;seu&nbsp;Ant\u00f3nio.]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Como <strong>a&nbsp;senhora<\/strong>&nbsp;tem&nbsp;passado?<\/td>\n<td><em>[How have <strong>you<\/strong> been?]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&#8211;&nbsp;Muito&nbsp;bem,&nbsp;obrigada, e <strong>o&nbsp;senhor<\/strong>?&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td><em>[-Fine, thank you, and <strong>you<\/strong>?]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mais&nbsp;ou&nbsp;menos.<\/td>\n<td><em>[So-so.]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Oi,&nbsp;Beto.&nbsp;Tudo&nbsp;bem?<\/td>\n<td><em>[Hi&nbsp;Beto. How are <strong>you<\/strong> doing?]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&#8211;&nbsp;Tudo&nbsp;certo, Cl\u00e1udia. Como&nbsp;\u00e9 que v\u00e3o&nbsp;as&nbsp;coisas?<\/td>\n<td><em>[-Fine, Cl\u00e1udia. How is it going?]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Iii,&nbsp;menino,&nbsp;hoje&nbsp;n\u00e3o&nbsp;estou muito&nbsp;bem.<\/td>\n<td><em>[Gosh, things aren&#8217;t so good today.]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&#8211; Que&nbsp;pena!&nbsp;Sinto&nbsp;muito.<\/td>\n<td><em>[-That&#8217;s too bad! I&#8217;m sorry.]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Para&nbsp;onde&nbsp;<strong>voc\u00ea<\/strong> vai&nbsp;agora?<\/td>\n<td><em>[Where are <strong>you<\/strong> going now?]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&#8211; Vou para casa. At\u00e9 amanh\u00e3.<\/td>\n<td><em>[-I&#8217;m going home. See <strong>you<\/strong> tomorrow.]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>At\u00e9 logo!<\/td>\n<td><em>[See you later!]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&#8211;&nbsp;Tchau!<\/td>\n<td><em>[-Bye!]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"front-matter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-22","front-matter","type-front-matter","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter\/22","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/front-matter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter\/22\/revisions"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter\/22\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"front-matter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/front-matter-type?post=22"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=22"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publiconsulting.com\/wordpress\/portugues\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=22"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}